BTK protein expression summary - The Human Protein Atlas

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BTK

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BTK

BTK INFORMATION
Proteinⁱ Full gene name according to HGNC.	Bruton tyrosine kinase
Gene nameⁱ Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.	BTK (AGMX1, ATK, IMD1, PSCTK1, XLA)
Protein classⁱ Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).	Cancer-related genes Disease related genes Enzymes FDA approved drug targets Human disease related genes Plasma proteins
Protein evidence	Evidence at protein level (all genes)
Number of transcriptsⁱ Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.	14
Protein interactions	Interacting with 6 proteins

PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND LOCALIZATION
Tissue profileⁱ A summary of the overall protein expression profile across the analyzed normal tissues based on knowledge-based annotation, presented in the Tissue resource. "Estimation of protein expression could not be performed. View primary data." is shown for genes where available RNA-seq and gene/protein characterization data in combination with immunohistochemistry data has been evaluated as not sufficient to yield a reliable estimation of the protein expression profile.	Cytoplasmic expression in lymphoid tissues and infiltrating immune cells in several different tissue types.
Subcellular locationⁱ Main subcellular location based on data generated in the subcellular section of the Human Protein Atlas.	Localized to the Plasma membrane, Cytosol
Predicted locationⁱ All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions. Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached. Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s). The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.	Intracellular

TISSUE RNA EXPRESSION
Tissue specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on normalized mRNA expression levels in the consensus dataset, calculated from the RNA expression levels in samples from HPA and GTEX. The categories include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, low tissue specificity and not detected.	Tissue enhanced (Bone marrow, Lymphoid tissue)
Tissue expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across tissues. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Lymphoid tissue - Immune response (mainly)
Brain specificityⁱ The regional specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analysed brain samples, grouped into 13 main brain regions and calculated for the three different species. All brain expression profiles are based on data from HPA. The specificity categories include: regionally enriched, group enriched, regionally enhanced, low regional specificity and not detected. The classification rules are the same used for the tissue specificity category	Low human brain regional specificity
Brain expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across tissues. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Macrophages & Microglia - Immune response (mainly)

CELL TYPE RNA EXPRESSION
Single cell type specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell types based on scRNA-seq data from normal tissues. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.	Cell type enhanced (granulocytes, monocytes, B-cells, Hofbauer cells, dendritic cells, Kupffer cells, Plasma cells, Macrophages, Langerhans cells)
Single cell type expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across single cell types. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Granulocytes - Unknown function (mainly)
Tissue cell type classificationⁱ Genes can have enriched specificity in different cell types in one or several tissues, or be enriched in a core cell type that appears in many different tissues.	Cell type enriched in 6 tissues
Immune cell specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples based on data from HPA. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.	Immune cell enriched (basophil)
Immune cell expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across single cell types. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Basophils - Transcription (mainly)

CANCER & CELL LINES
Prognostic summary	BTK is a prognostic marker in Cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma, Lung adenocarcinoma
Cancer specificityⁱ Specificity of RNA expression in 17 cancer types is categorized as either cancer enriched, group enriched, cancer enhanced, low cancer specificity and not detected.	Low cancer specificity
Cell line expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across cell lines. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	HMC-1 - Innate immune response (mainly)
Cell line specificityⁱ RNA specificity category based on RNA sequencing data from cancer cell lines in the Human Protein Atlas grouped according to type of cancer. Genes are classified into six different categories (enriched, group enriched, enhanced, low specificity and not detected) according to their RNA expression levels across the panel of cell lines.	Group enriched (Leukemia, Lymphoma, Myeloma)

PROTEINS IN BLOOD
Detected in blood by immunoassayⁱ The blood-based immunoassay category applies to actively secreted proteins and is based on plasma or serum protein concentrations established with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, compiled from a literature search. The categories include: detected and not detected, where detection refers to a concentration found in the literature search.	No (not applicable)
Detected in blood by mass spectrometryⁱ Detection or not of the gene in blood, based on spectral count estimations from a publicly available mass spectrometry-based plasma proteomics data set obtained from the PeptideAtlas.	Yes
Proximity extension assayⁱ Detectibility in blood, based on proximity extension assays (Olink) for a longitudinal wellness study covering 76 individuals with six visits during two years. Read more	Not available

PROTEIN FUNCTION
Protein function (UniProt)ⁱ Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.	Non-receptor tyrosine kinase indispensable for B lymphocyte development, differentiation and signaling 1. Binding of antigen to the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) triggers signaling that ultimately leads to B-cell activation 2. After BCR engagement and activation at the plasma membrane, phosphorylates PLCG2 at several sites, igniting the downstream signaling pathway through calcium mobilization, followed by activation of the protein kinase C (PKC) family members 3. PLCG2 phosphorylation is performed in close cooperation with the adapter protein B-cell linker protein BLNK 4. BTK acts as a platform to bring together a diverse array of signaling proteins and is implicated in cytokine receptor signaling pathways 5, 6. Plays an important role in the function of immune cells of innate as well as adaptive immunity, as a component of the Toll-like receptors (TLR) pathway 7. The TLR pathway acts as a primary surveillance system for the detection of pathogens and are crucial to the activation of host defense 8. Especially, is a critical molecule in regulating TLR9 activation in splenic B-cells 9, 10. Within the TLR pathway, induces tyrosine phosphorylation of TIRAP which leads to TIRAP degradation 11. BTK also plays a critical role in transcription regulation 12. Induces the activity of NF-kappa-B, which is involved in regulating the expression of hundreds of genes 13. BTK is involved on the signaling pathway linking TLR8 and TLR9 to NF-kappa-B 14. Acts as an activator of NLRP3 inflammasome assembly by mediating phosphorylation of NLRP3 15. Transiently phosphorylates transcription factor GTF2I on tyrosine residues in response to BCR 16. GTF2I then translocates to the nucleus to bind regulatory enhancer elements to modulate gene expression 17. ARID3A and NFAT are other transcriptional target of BTK 18. BTK is required for the formation of functional ARID3A DNA-binding complexes 19. There is however no evidence that BTK itself binds directly to DNA 20. BTK has a dual role in the regulation of apoptosis 21.... show less
Molecular function (UniProt)ⁱ Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.	Kinase, Transferase, Tyrosine-protein kinase
Biological process (UniProt)ⁱ Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they are involved in a particular biological process.	Adaptive immunity, Apoptosis, Immunity, Innate immunity, Transcription, Transcription regulation
Ligand (UniProt)ⁱ Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they bind, are associated with, or whose activity is dependent of some molecule.	ATP-binding, Lipid-binding, Metal-binding, Nucleotide-binding, Zinc
Gene summary (Entrez)ⁱ Useful information about the gene from Entrez	The protein encoded by this gene plays a crucial role in B-cell development. Mutations in this gene cause X-linked agammaglobulinemia type 1, which is an immunodeficiency characterized by the failure to produce mature B lymphocytes, and associated with a failure of Ig heavy chain rearrangement. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013]... show less

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