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General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene namei
Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.
All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.
Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).
The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Chromosome
4
Cytoband
q33
Chromosome location (bp)
169729470 - 169757944
Number of transcriptsi
Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.
Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.
Cofactor for serine ADP-ribosylation that confers serine specificity on PARP1 and PARP2 and plays a key role in DNA damage response 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15. Initiates the repair of double-strand DNA breaks: recruited to DNA damage sites by PARP1 and PARP2 and switches the amino acid specificity of PARP1 and PARP2 from aspartate or glutamate to serine residues, licensing serine ADP-ribosylation of target proteins 16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27. Serine ADP-ribosylation of target proteins, such as histones, promotes decompaction of chromatin and the recruitment of repair factors leading to the reparation of DNA strand breaks 28,29,30,31. Serine ADP-ribosylation of proteins constitutes the primary form of ADP-ribosylation of proteins in response to DNA damage 32. HPF1 acts by completing the active site of PARP1 and PARP2: forms a composite active site composed of residues from HPF1 and PARP1 or PARP2 33,34. While HPF1 promotes the initiation of serine ADP-ribosylation, it restricts the polymerase activity of PARP1 and PARP2 in order to limit the length of poly-ADP-ribose chains 35,36,37. HPF1 also promotes tyrosine ADP-ribosylation, probably by conferring tyrosine specificity on PARP1 38,39....show less
Biological process (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they are involved in a particular biological process.
DNA damage, DNA repair
Gene summary (Entrez)i
Useful information about the gene from Entrez
Enables chromatin binding activity and histone binding activity. Involved in double-strand break repair; peptidyl-serine ADP-ribosylation; and regulation of protein modification process. Located in chromatin; nucleus; and site of DNA damage. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]...show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The Splice variant identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the Swissprot and TrEMBL columns links to corresponding pages in the UniProt database.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide and number of predicted transmembrane region(s) according to in-house majority decision methods based on sets of predictors are also reported.
Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
