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General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene namei
Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.
Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).
Cancer-related genes Disease related genes FDA approved drug targets Human disease related genes Transcription factors
Predicted locationi
All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.
Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).
The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Chromosome
10
Cytoband
q24.32
Chromosome location (bp)
102394110 - 102402524
Number of transcriptsi
Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.
Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.
NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor present in almost all cell types and is the endpoint of a series of signal transduction events that are initiated by a vast array of stimuli related to many biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NF-kappa-B is a homo-or heterodimeric complex formed by the Rel-like domain-containing proteins RELA/p65, RELB, NFKB1/p105, NFKB1/p50, REL and NFKB2/p52. The dimers bind at kappa-B sites in the DNA of their target genes and the individual dimers have distinct preferences for different kappa-B sites that they can bind with distinguishable affinity and specificity. Different dimer combinations act as transcriptional activators or repressors, respectively. NF-kappa-B is controlled by various mechanisms of post-translational modification and subcellular compartmentalization as well as by interactions with other cofactors or corepressors. NF-kappa-B complexes are held in the cytoplasm in an inactive state complexed with members of the NF-kappa-B inhibitor (I-kappa-B) family. In a conventional activation pathway, I-kappa-B is phosphorylated by I-kappa-B kinases (IKKs) in response to different activators, subsequently degraded thus liberating the active NF-kappa-B complex which translocates to the nucleus. In a non-canonical activation pathway, the MAP3K14-activated CHUK/IKKA homodimer phosphorylates NFKB2/p100 associated with RelB, inducing its proteolytic processing to NFKB2/p52 and the formation of NF-kappa-B RelB-p52 complexes. The NF-kappa-B heterodimeric RelB-p52 complex is a transcriptional activator. The NF-kappa-B p52-p52 homodimer is a transcriptional repressor. NFKB2 appears to have dual functions such as cytoplasmic retention of attached NF-kappa-B proteins by p100 and generation of p52 by a cotranslational processing. The proteasome-mediated process ensures the production of both p52 and p100 and preserves their independent function. p52 binds to the kappa-B consensus sequence 5'-GGRNNYYCC-3', located in the enhancer region of genes involved in immune response and acute phase reactions. p52 and p100 are respectively the minor and major form; the processing of p100 being relatively poor. Isoform p49 is a subunit of the NF-kappa-B protein complex, which stimulates the HIV enhancer in synergy with p65. In concert with RELB, regulates the circadian clock by repressing the transcriptional activator activity of the CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimer....show less
Molecular function (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.
Activator, DNA-binding, Repressor
Biological process (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they are involved in a particular biological process.
This gene encodes a subunit of the transcription factor complex nuclear factor-kappa-B (NFkB). The NFkB complex is expressed in numerous cell types and functions as a central activator of genes involved in inflammation and immune function. The protein encoded by this gene can function as both a transcriptional activator or repressor depending on its dimerization partner. The p100 full-length protein is co-translationally processed into a p52 active form. Chromosomal rearrangements and translocations of this locus have been observed in B cell lymphomas, some of which may result in the formation of fusion proteins. There is a pseudogene for this gene on chromosome 18. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2013]...show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The Splice variant identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the Swissprot and TrEMBL columns links to corresponding pages in the UniProt database.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide and number of predicted transmembrane region(s) according to in-house majority decision methods based on sets of predictors are also reported.
Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Transcription factors Immunoglobulin fold Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers COSMIC somatic mutations in cancer genes COSMIC Somatic Mutations COSMIC Translocations Disease related genes FDA approved drug targets Small molecule drugs Human disease related genes Immune system diseases Primary immunodeficiency Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0000785[chromatin] GO:0000978[RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0000981[DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific] GO:0001228[DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific] GO:0003677[DNA binding] GO:0003700[DNA-binding transcription factor activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005654[nucleoplasm] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0006355[regulation of DNA-templated transcription] GO:0006357[regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0007165[signal transduction] GO:0010605[negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process] GO:0033257[Bcl3/NF-kappaB2 complex] GO:0045944[positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0048511[rhythmic process] GO:0071159[NF-kappaB complex] GO:1990837[sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding]
Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Transcription factors Immunoglobulin fold Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers COSMIC somatic mutations in cancer genes COSMIC Somatic Mutations COSMIC Translocations Disease related genes FDA approved drug targets Small molecule drugs Human disease related genes Immune system diseases Primary immunodeficiency Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000785[chromatin] GO:0000978[RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0000981[DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific] GO:0001228[DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific] GO:0003677[DNA binding] GO:0003700[DNA-binding transcription factor activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005654[nucleoplasm] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0006355[regulation of DNA-templated transcription] GO:0006357[regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0007165[signal transduction] GO:0010605[negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process] GO:0033257[Bcl3/NF-kappaB2 complex] GO:0045944[positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0048511[rhythmic process] GO:0071159[NF-kappaB complex] GO:1990837[sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding]
Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Transcription factors Immunoglobulin fold Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers COSMIC somatic mutations in cancer genes COSMIC Somatic Mutations COSMIC Translocations Disease related genes FDA approved drug targets Small molecule drugs Human disease related genes Immune system diseases Primary immunodeficiency Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000785[chromatin] GO:0000978[RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0000981[DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific] GO:0001228[DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific] GO:0003677[DNA binding] GO:0003700[DNA-binding transcription factor activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005654[nucleoplasm] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0006355[regulation of DNA-templated transcription] GO:0006357[regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0007165[signal transduction] GO:0010605[negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process] GO:0033257[Bcl3/NF-kappaB2 complex] GO:0045944[positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0048511[rhythmic process] GO:0071159[NF-kappaB complex] GO:1990837[sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding]
Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Transcription factors Immunoglobulin fold Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers COSMIC somatic mutations in cancer genes COSMIC Somatic Mutations COSMIC Translocations Disease related genes FDA approved drug targets Small molecule drugs Human disease related genes Immune system diseases Primary immunodeficiency Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000785[chromatin] GO:0000978[RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0000981[DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific] GO:0001228[DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific] GO:0003677[DNA binding] GO:0003700[DNA-binding transcription factor activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005654[nucleoplasm] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0006355[regulation of DNA-templated transcription] GO:0006357[regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0007165[signal transduction] GO:0010605[negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process] GO:0033257[Bcl3/NF-kappaB2 complex] GO:0045944[positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0048511[rhythmic process] GO:0071159[NF-kappaB complex] GO:1990837[sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding]
Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Transcription factors Immunoglobulin fold Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers COSMIC somatic mutations in cancer genes COSMIC Somatic Mutations COSMIC Translocations Disease related genes FDA approved drug targets Small molecule drugs Human disease related genes Immune system diseases Primary immunodeficiency Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000785[chromatin] GO:0000978[RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0000981[DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific] GO:0001228[DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific] GO:0002268[follicular dendritic cell differentiation] GO:0002467[germinal center formation] GO:0003677[DNA binding] GO:0003700[DNA-binding transcription factor activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005654[nucleoplasm] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0006355[regulation of DNA-templated transcription] GO:0006357[regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0007165[signal transduction] GO:0010605[negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process] GO:0030198[extracellular matrix organization] GO:0033257[Bcl3/NF-kappaB2 complex] GO:0038061[NIK/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:0045944[positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0048511[rhythmic process] GO:0048536[spleen development] GO:0071159[NF-kappaB complex] GO:1990837[sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding]
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
