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General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene namei
Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.
All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.
Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).
The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Chromosome
16
Cytoband
q13
Chromosome location (bp)
56589074 - 56591088
Number of transcriptsi
Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.
Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.
Binds heavy metals. Contains three zinc and three copper atoms per polypeptide chain and only a negligible amount of cadmium. Inhibits survival and neurite formation of cortical neurons in vitro....show less
Ligand (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they bind, are associated with, or whose activity is dependent of some molecule.
This gene is a member of the metallothionein family of genes. Proteins encoded by this gene family are low in molecular weight, are cysteine-rich, lack aromatic residues, and bind divalent heavy metal ions. This gene family member displays tissue-specific expression, and contains a threonine insert near its N-terminus and a glutamate-rich hexapeptide insert near its C-terminus relative to the proteins encoded by other gene family members. It plays an important role in zinc and copper homeostasis, and is induced under hypoxic conditions. The encoded protein is a growth inhibitory factor, and reduced levels of the protein are observed in the brains of individuals with some metal-linked neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2017]...show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The Splice variant identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the Swissprot and TrEMBL columns links to corresponding pages in the UniProt database.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide and number of predicted transmembrane region(s) according to in-house majority decision methods based on sets of predictors are also reported.
Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0001666[response to hypoxia] GO:0001934[positive regulation of protein phosphorylation] GO:0005507[copper ion binding] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005615[extracellular space] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005741[mitochondrial outer membrane] GO:0005791[rough endoplasmic reticulum] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0005840[ribosome] GO:0005874[microtubule] GO:0005886[plasma membrane] GO:0006112[energy reserve metabolic process] GO:0006707[cholesterol catabolic process] GO:0006829[zinc ion transport] GO:0006875[cellular metal ion homeostasis] GO:0006882[cellular zinc ion homeostasis] GO:0006915[apoptotic process] GO:0007420[brain development] GO:0008021[synaptic vesicle] GO:0008270[zinc ion binding] GO:0010273[detoxification of copper ion] GO:0010507[negative regulation of autophagy] GO:0010628[positive regulation of gene expression] GO:0010940[positive regulation of necrotic cell death] GO:0010942[positive regulation of cell death] GO:0010977[negative regulation of neuron projection development] GO:0014002[astrocyte development] GO:0014069[postsynaptic density] GO:0016209[antioxidant activity] GO:0016234[inclusion body] GO:0016570[histone modification] GO:0019430[removal of superoxide radicals] GO:0030295[protein kinase activator activity] GO:0030308[negative regulation of cell growth] GO:0030424[axon] GO:0030517[negative regulation of axon extension] GO:0030949[positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway] GO:0032095[regulation of response to food] GO:0032148[activation of protein kinase B activity] GO:0033210[leptin-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0034599[cellular response to oxidative stress] GO:0034614[cellular response to reactive oxygen species] GO:0043027[cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity involved in apoptotic process] GO:0043066[negative regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0043085[positive regulation of catalytic activity] GO:0043154[negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process] GO:0043197[dendritic spine] GO:0043491[protein kinase B signaling] GO:0043524[negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process] GO:0044242[cellular lipid catabolic process] GO:0045892[negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription] GO:0045893[positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription] GO:0046870[cadmium ion binding] GO:0046872[metal ion binding] GO:0048471[perinuclear region of cytoplasm] GO:0050821[protein stabilization] GO:0051354[negative regulation of oxidoreductase activity] GO:0060049[regulation of protein glycosylation] GO:0060547[negative regulation of necrotic cell death] GO:0070371[ERK1 and ERK2 cascade] GO:0070374[positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade] GO:0071248[cellular response to metal ion] GO:0071276[cellular response to cadmium ion] GO:0071280[cellular response to copper ion] GO:0071294[cellular response to zinc ion] GO:0071456[cellular response to hypoxia] GO:0097214[positive regulation of lysosomal membrane permeability] GO:0097449[astrocyte projection] GO:0097450[astrocyte end-foot] GO:1901215[negative regulation of neuron death] GO:2000117[negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity] GO:2000296[negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide catabolic process] GO:2000376[positive regulation of oxygen metabolic process] GO:2000378[negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process]
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