Single cell type - AARS1 - The Human Protein Atlas

GENERAL INFORMATIONⁱ General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene nameⁱ Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.	AARS1
Gene descriptionⁱ Full gene name according to HGNC.	Alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1
Protein classⁱ Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).	Disease related genes Enzymes Human disease related genes Metabolic proteins Plasma proteins Potential drug targets
Predicted locationⁱ All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions. Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached. Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s). The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.	Intracellular
Number of transcriptsⁱ Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.	11

HUMAN PROTEIN ATLAS INFORMATIONⁱ Summary of RNA expression and protein localization based on data generated within the Human Protein Atlas project.
Single cell type expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across single cell types. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Plasma cells - Immunoglobulins & histones (mainly)
Single cell type specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell types based on scRNA-seq data from normal tissues. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.	Low cell type specificity
Tau specificity scoreⁱ Tau specificity score is a numerical indicator of the specificity of the gene expression across cells or tissues. The value ranges from 0 and 1, where 0 indicates identical expression across all cells/tissue types, while 1 indicates expression in a single cell/tissue type.	0.29
Brain cluster specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell cluster types based on snRNA-seq data from brain samples. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected. "cell type" refer to one of the 34 cluster names used to summarize the 2.5 million cells included in the brain cell representation.	Low cell type specificity
Immune cell specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples based on data from HPA. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.	Low immune cell specificity
Protein evidenceⁱ Evidence score for genes based on UniProt protein existence (UniProt evidence); neXtProt protein existence (neXtProt evidence);and a Human Protein Atlas antibody- or RNA based score (HPA evidence). The avaliable scores are evidence at protein level, evidence at transcript level, no evidence, or not avaliable.	Evidence at protein level

ASSAYSⁱ

Single cell type

Cell type enrichment

Single nuclei - Brain

Immune cells

Expression clustering

SINGLE CELL TYPESⁱ A summary of normalized single cell RNA (nTPM) from all single cell types. Color-coding is based on cell type groups, each consisting of cell types with functional features in common.
Single cell types RNA single cell type specificity: Low cell type specificity

TISSUE CELL TYPEⁱ The tissue cell type section provides a cell type specificity prediction for all protein coding genes. More information on the data available can be found here and a description of the analysis here.
	Core cell typesⁱ The core cell type table displays data for a panel of eight cell types that are found in many tissues. Colored dots indicate that the selected gene has core cell type specificity in the indicated tissue. Grey dots indicate that cell type is present within that tissue, but the selected gene is not predicted to be enriched there. Category Alphabetical Enrichment Tissue specific cell typesⁱ This plot shows the enrichment score of the selected gene in all non-core cell types found within the profiled tissues, allowing comparisons between different cell types within different tissues. An enlarged symbol indicates classification of the gene as cell type enriched in the corresponding cell type.

SINGLE NUCLEI BRAINⁱ

Single nuclei cluster types

RNA brain cluster specificity: Low cell type specificity

IMMUNE CELL TYPE EXPRESSION (RNA)ⁱ Blood cell type expression overview shows RNA-seq data from three different sources: Internally generated Human Protein Atlas (HPA) data, as well as data generated by (Monaco et al) and (Schmiedel et al). Color-coding is based on blood cell type lineages, including B-cells, T-cells, NK-cells, monocytes, granulocytes and dendritic cells as well as total PBMC. To access sample data, click on tissue name or bar.
HPA datasetⁱ The resulting transcript expression values calculated as nTPM, resulting from the internal normalization pipeline for 18 immune cell types and total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Lineage Expression Alphabetical Immune cell type specificity: Low immune cell specificity
Monaco datasetⁱ The transcript expression values (nTPM) resulting from the internal normalization pipeline are visualized for 29 blood cell types and total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from Monaco et al. Lineage Expression Alphabetical
Schmiedel datasetⁱ Transcript Per Million (TPM) values are visualized for 15 blood cell types from the Schmiedel et al. dataset. Lineage Expression Alphabetical

EXPRESSION CLUSTERING & CORRELATIONⁱ

SINGLE CELL TYPE

AARS1 is part of cluster 61 Plasma cells - Immunoglobulins & histones with confidenceⁱ 1
169 genes in cluster

Go to interactive expression cluster page

15 nearest neighbours based on single cell RNA expression

Neighbourⁱ Gene name according to HGNC.	Descriptionⁱ Gene description according to HGNC.	Correlationⁱ Correlation between the selected gene and neighboring gene. Correlation is calculated as Spearman correlation in PCA space based on the RNA-seq expression data.	Clusterⁱ ID of the expression cluster of the neighboring gene.
SND1	Staphylococcal nuclease and tudor domain containing 1	0.5976	77
IARS1	Isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase 1	0.5806	39
PREB	Prolactin regulatory element binding	0.5755	61
PDXP	Pyridoxal phosphatase	0.5569	61
FOXRED1	FAD dependent oxidoreductase domain containing 1	0.5442	61
CLCC1	Chloride channel CLIC like 1	0.5383	77
ABCB9	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 9	0.5352	61
IGHV1OR21-1	Immunoglobulin heavy variable 1/OR21-1 (non-functional)	0.5335	61
IGLV1-36	Immunoglobulin lambda variable 1-36	0.5287	61
IGHV4OR15-8	Immunoglobulin heavy variable 4/OR15-8 (non-functional)	0.5273	61
IGHV3OR16-17	Immunoglobulin heavy variable 3/OR16-17 (non-functional)	0.5270	61
IGLV3-9	Immunoglobulin lambda variable 3-9	0.5268	61
IGHV3-35	Immunoglobulin heavy variable 3-35 (non-functional)	0.5255	61
CLPTM1L	CLPTM1 like	0.5249	61
IGHV3OR16-12	Immunoglobulin heavy variable 3/OR16-12 (non-functional)	0.5241	61

IMMUNE CELLS

AARS1 is part of cluster 33 Non-specific - ATP binding with confidenceⁱ 0.92
757 genes in cluster

Go to interactive expression cluster page

15 nearest neighbours based on single cell RNA expression

Neighbourⁱ Gene name according to HGNC.	Descriptionⁱ Gene description according to HGNC.	Correlationⁱ Correlation between the selected gene and neighboring gene. Correlation is calculated as Spearman correlation in PCA space based on the RNA-seq expression data.	Clusterⁱ ID of the expression cluster of the neighboring gene.
TRIM26	Tripartite motif containing 26	1.0000	33
POLR3A	RNA polymerase III subunit A	0.9762	33
DHX37	DEAH-box helicase 37	0.9762	33
GEMIN6	Gem nuclear organelle associated protein 6	0.9762	33
GNE	Glucosamine (UDP-N-acetyl)-2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase	0.9762	33
VPS52	VPS52 subunit of GARP complex	0.9524	33
NAXD	NAD(P)HX dehydratase	0.9524	33
PIDD1	P53-induced death domain protein 1	0.9524	33
MRM1	Mitochondrial rRNA methyltransferase 1	0.9286	23
FDX2	Ferredoxin 2	0.9286	14
DDX47	DEAD-box helicase 47	0.9286	33
ZNF335	Zinc finger protein 335	0.9286	33
SMN1	Survival of motor neuron 1, telomeric	0.9286	33
MIDEAS	Mitotic deacetylase associated SANT domain protein	0.9286	33
CCDC134	Coiled-coil domain containing 134	0.9286	33