ALKBH1 protein expression summary - The Human Protein Atlas

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ALKBH1

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STRUCT & INT

ALKBH1

ALKBH1 INFORMATION
Proteinⁱ Full gene name according to HGNC.	AlkB homolog 1, histone H2A dioxygenase
Gene nameⁱ Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.	ALKBH1 (ABH, alkB, ALKBH, hABH)
Protein classⁱ Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).	Enzymes Plasma proteins
Protein evidence	Evidence at protein level (all genes)
Number of transcriptsⁱ Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.	1
Protein interactions	No protein interactions

PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND LOCALIZATION
Tissue profileⁱ A summary of the overall protein expression profile across the analyzed normal tissues based on knowledge-based annotation, presented in the Tissue resource. "Estimation of protein expression could not be performed. View primary data." is shown for genes where available RNA-seq and gene/protein characterization data in combination with immunohistochemistry data has been evaluated as not sufficient to yield a reliable estimation of the protein expression profile.	General cytoplasmic and nuclear expression.
Subcellular locationⁱ Main subcellular location based on data generated in the subcellular section of the Human Protein Atlas.	Localized to the Nucleoplasm In addition localized to the Endoplasmic reticulum
Predicted locationⁱ All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions. Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached. Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s). The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.	Intracellular

TISSUE RNA EXPRESSION
Tissue specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on normalized mRNA expression levels in the consensus dataset, calculated from the RNA expression levels in samples from HPA and GTEX. The categories include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, low tissue specificity and not detected.	Low tissue specificity
Tissue expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across tissues. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Non-specific - Mitochondria (mainly)
Brain specificityⁱ The regional specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analysed brain samples, grouped into 13 main brain regions and calculated for the three different species. All brain expression profiles are based on data from HPA. The specificity categories include: regionally enriched, group enriched, regionally enhanced, low regional specificity and not detected. The classification rules are the same used for the tissue specificity category	Low human brain regional specificity
Brain expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across tissues. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Non-specific - Transcription (mainly)

CELL TYPE RNA EXPRESSION
Single cell type specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell types based on scRNA-seq data from normal tissues. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.	Cell type enhanced (Oocytes)
Single cell type expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across single cell types. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Oocytes - Unknown function (mainly)
Tissue cell type classificationⁱ Genes can have enriched specificity in different cell types in one or several tissues, or be enriched in a core cell type that appears in many different tissues.	Cell type enriched (Testis - Spermatogonia)
Immune cell specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples based on data from HPA. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.	Low immune cell specificity
Immune cell expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across single cell types. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	T-regs - Cell cycle regulation (mainly)

CANCER & CELL LINES
Prognostic summary	ALKBH1 is a prognostic marker in Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma, Liver hepatocellular carcinoma
Cancer specificityⁱ Specificity of RNA expression in 17 cancer types is categorized as either cancer enriched, group enriched, cancer enhanced, low cancer specificity and not detected.	Low cancer specificity
Cell line expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across cell lines. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Non-specific - Gene expression regulation (mainly)
Cell line specificityⁱ RNA specificity category based on RNA sequencing data from cancer cell lines in the Human Protein Atlas grouped according to type of cancer. Genes are classified into six different categories (enriched, group enriched, enhanced, low specificity and not detected) according to their RNA expression levels across the panel of cell lines.	Low cancer specificity

PROTEINS IN BLOOD
Detected in blood by immunoassayⁱ The blood-based immunoassay category applies to actively secreted proteins and is based on plasma or serum protein concentrations established with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, compiled from a literature search. The categories include: detected and not detected, where detection refers to a concentration found in the literature search.	No (not applicable)
Detected in blood by mass spectrometryⁱ Detection or not of the gene in blood, based on spectral count estimations from a publicly available mass spectrometry-based plasma proteomics data set obtained from the PeptideAtlas.	No
Proximity extension assayⁱ Detectibility in blood, based on proximity extension assays (Olink) for a longitudinal wellness study covering 76 individuals with six visits during two years. Read more	Not available

PROTEIN FUNCTION
Protein function (UniProt)ⁱ Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.	Dioxygenase that acts as on nucleic acids, such as DNA and tRNA 1, 2, 3. Requires molecular oxygen, alpha-ketoglutarate and iron 4, 5. A number of activities have been described for this dioxygenase, but recent results suggest that it mainly acts as on tRNAs and mediates their demethylation or oxidation depending on the context and subcellular compartment 6, 7. Mainly acts as a tRNA demethylase by removing N(1)-methyladenine from various tRNAs, with a preference for N(1)-methyladenine at position 58 (m1A58) present on a stem loop structure of tRNAs 8. Acts as a regulator of translation initiation and elongation in response to glucose deprivation: regulates both translation initiation, by mediating demethylation of tRNA(Met), and translation elongation, N(1)- methyladenine-containing tRNAs being preferentially recruited to polysomes to promote translation elongation 9. In mitochondrion, specifically interacts with mt-tRNA(Met) and mediates oxidation of mt-tRNA(Met) methylated at cytosine(34) to form 5-formylcytosine (f(5)c) at this position 10. mt-tRNA(Met) containing the f(5)c modification at the wobble position enables recognition of the AUA codon in addition to the AUG codon, expanding codon recognition in mitochondrial translation 11. Specifically demethylates DNA methylated on the 6th position of adenine (N(6)-methyladenosine) DNA 12, 13. N(6)- methyladenosine (m6A) DNA is present at some L1 elements in embryonic stem cells and probably promotes their silencing (By similarity). Demethylates mRNAs containing N(3)-methylcytidine modification 14. Also able to repair alkylated single-stranded DNA by oxidative demethylation, but with low activity 15. Also has DNA lyase activity and introduces double-stranded breaks at abasic sites: cleaves both single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA at abasic sites, with the greatest activity towards double-stranded DNA with two abasic sites 16. DNA lyase activity does not require alpha-ketboglutarate and iron and leads to the formation of an irreversible covalent protein-DNA adduct with the 5' DNA product 17, 18. DNA lyase activity is not required during base excision repair and class switch recombination of the immunoglobulin heavy chain during B lymphocyte activation. May play a role in placental trophoblast lineage differentiation (By similarity).... show less
Molecular function (UniProt)ⁱ Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.	Dioxygenase, Lyase, Multifunctional enzyme, Oxidoreductase
Biological process (UniProt)ⁱ Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they are involved in a particular biological process.	DNA damage, DNA repair, RNA repair, Translation regulation
Ligand (UniProt)ⁱ Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they bind, are associated with, or whose activity is dependent of some molecule.	Iron, Metal-binding
Gene summary (Entrez)ⁱ Useful information about the gene from Entrez	This gene encodes a homolog to the E. coli alkB gene product. The E. coli alkB protein is part of the adaptive response mechanism of DNA alkylation damage repair. It is involved in damage reversal by oxidative demethylation of 1-methyladenine and 3-methylcytosine. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]... show less

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