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General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene namei
Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.
Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).
Cancer-related genes Candidate cardiovascular disease genes Disease related genes Human disease related genes Plasma proteins
Predicted locationi
All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.
Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).
The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Chromosome
4
Cytoband
q27
Chromosome location (bp)
122451470 - 122456725
Number of transcriptsi
Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.
Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.
Cytokine produced by activated CD4-positive helper T-cells and to a lesser extend activated CD8-positive T-cells and natural killer (NK) cells that plays pivotal roles in the immune response and tolerance 1. Binds to a receptor complex composed of either the high-affinity trimeric IL-2R (IL2RA/CD25, IL2RB/CD122 and IL2RG/CD132) or the low-affinity dimeric IL-2R (IL2RB and IL2RG) 2,3. Interaction with the receptor leads to oligomerization and conformation changes in the IL-2R subunits resulting in downstream signaling starting with phosphorylation of JAK1 and JAK3 4. In turn, JAK1 and JAK3 phosphorylate the receptor to form a docking site leading to the phosphorylation of several substrates including STAT5 5. This process leads to activation of several pathways including STAT, phosphoinositide-3-kinase/PI3K and mitogen-activated protein kinase/MAPK pathways 6. Functions as a T-cell growth factor and can increase NK-cell cytolytic activity as well 7. Promotes strong proliferation of activated B-cells and subsequently immunoglobulin production 8. Plays a pivotal role in regulating the adaptive immune system by controlling the survival and proliferation of regulatory T-cells, which are required for the maintenance of immune tolerance. Moreover, participates in the differentiation and homeostasis of effector T-cell subsets, including Th1, Th2, Th17 as well as memory CD8-positive T-cells....show less
Molecular function (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.
Cytokine, Growth factor
Biological process (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they are involved in a particular biological process.
Adaptive immunity, Immunity
Gene summary (Entrez)i
Useful information about the gene from Entrez
This gene is a member of the interleukin 2 (IL2) cytokine subfamily which includes IL4, IL7, IL9, IL15, IL21, erythropoietin, and thrombopoietin. The protein encoded by this gene is a secreted cytokine produced by activated CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, that is important for the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes. The receptor of this cytokine (IL2R) is a heterotrimeric protein complex whose gamma chain is also shared by IL4 and IL7. The expression of this gene in mature thymocytes is monoallelic, which represents an unusual regulatory mode for controlling the precise expression of a single gene. The targeted disruption of a similar gene in mice leads to ulcerative colitis-like disease, which suggests an essential role of this gene in the immune response to antigenic stimuli. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2020]...show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The Splice variant identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the Swissprot and TrEMBL columns links to corresponding pages in the UniProt database.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide and number of predicted transmembrane region(s) according to in-house majority decision methods based on sets of predictors are also reported.
Predicted secreted proteins Secreted proteins predicted by MDSEC SignalP predicted secreted proteins Phobius predicted secreted proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted secreted proteins DeepTMHMM predicted secreted proteins DeepSig predicted secreted proteins Plasma proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers COSMIC somatic mutations in cancer genes COSMIC Somatic Mutations COSMIC Translocations Candidate cardiovascular disease genes Disease related genes Human disease related genes Endocrine and metabolic diseases Diabetes Immune system diseases Allergies and autoimmune diseases Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level
Show all
GO:0001933[negative regulation of protein phosphorylation] GO:0001934[positive regulation of protein phosphorylation] GO:0002250[adaptive immune response] GO:0002366[leukocyte activation involved in immune response] GO:0002376[immune system process] GO:0002639[positive regulation of immunoglobulin production] GO:0002903[negative regulation of B cell apoptotic process] GO:0005125[cytokine activity] GO:0005134[interleukin-2 receptor binding] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005576[extracellular region] GO:0005615[extracellular space] GO:0006366[transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0006955[immune response] GO:0007155[cell adhesion] GO:0007186[G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway] GO:0007204[positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration] GO:0007205[protein kinase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway] GO:0007260[tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein] GO:0007267[cell-cell signaling] GO:0008083[growth factor activity] GO:0008284[positive regulation of cell population proliferation] GO:0010467[gene expression] GO:0019209[kinase activator activity] GO:0030101[natural killer cell activation] GO:0030217[T cell differentiation] GO:0030246[carbohydrate binding] GO:0030307[positive regulation of cell growth] GO:0030890[positive regulation of B cell proliferation] GO:0031851[kappa-type opioid receptor binding] GO:0032729[positive regulation of interferon-gamma production] GO:0032740[positive regulation of interleukin-17 production] GO:0034105[positive regulation of tissue remodeling] GO:0042098[T cell proliferation] GO:0042102[positive regulation of T cell proliferation] GO:0042104[positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation] GO:0042531[positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein] GO:0043066[negative regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0043208[glycosphingolipid binding] GO:0045471[response to ethanol] GO:0045582[positive regulation of T cell differentiation] GO:0045591[positive regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation] GO:0045822[negative regulation of heart contraction] GO:0045944[positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0046013[regulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation] GO:0046651[lymphocyte proliferation] GO:0048304[positive regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes] GO:0050672[negative regulation of lymphocyte proliferation] GO:0050728[negative regulation of inflammatory response] GO:0050729[positive regulation of inflammatory response] GO:0050798[activated T cell proliferation] GO:0060999[positive regulation of dendritic spine development] GO:0097192[extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand] GO:1900100[positive regulation of plasma cell differentiation] GO:2000320[negative regulation of T-helper 17 cell differentiation] GO:2000561[regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation]
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
