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General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene namei
Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.
All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.
Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).
The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Chromosome
3
Cytoband
q26.31
Chromosome location (bp)
172750682 - 172821474
Number of transcriptsi
Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.
Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.
Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that catalyzes the exchange of GDP for GTP. Promotes guanine nucleotide exchange on the Rho family members of small GTPases, like RHOA, RHOC, RAC1 and CDC42. Required for signal transduction pathways involved in the regulation of cytokinesis. Component of the centralspindlin complex that serves as a microtubule-dependent and Rho-mediated signaling required for the myosin contractile ring formation during the cell cycle cytokinesis. Regulates the translocation of RHOA from the central spindle to the equatorial region. Plays a role in the control of mitotic spindle assembly; regulates the activation of CDC42 in metaphase for the process of spindle fibers attachment to kinetochores before chromosome congression. Involved in the regulation of epithelial cell polarity; participates in the formation of epithelial tight junctions in a polarity complex PARD3-PARD6-protein kinase PRKCQ-dependent manner. Plays a role in the regulation of neurite outgrowth. Inhibits phenobarbital (PB)-induced NR1I3 nuclear translocation. Stimulates the activity of RAC1 through its association with the oncogenic PARD6A-PRKCI complex in cancer cells, thereby acting to coordinately drive tumor cell proliferation and invasion. Also stimulates genotoxic stress-induced RHOB activity in breast cancer cells leading to their cell death....show less
Molecular function (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.
Guanine-nucleotide releasing factor
Biological process (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they are involved in a particular biological process.
Cell cycle, Cell division, Differentiation, Neurogenesis, Protein transport, Transport
Gene summary (Entrez)i
Useful information about the gene from Entrez
The protein encoded by this gene is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor and transforming protein that is related to Rho-specific exchange factors and yeast cell cycle regulators. The expression of this gene is elevated with the onset of DNA synthesis and remains elevated during G2 and M phases. In situ hybridization analysis showed that expression is at a high level in cells undergoing mitosis in regenerating liver. Thus, this protein is expressed in a cell cycle-dependent manner during liver regeneration, and is thought to have an important role in the regulation of cytokinesis. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2017]...show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The Splice variant identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the Swissprot and TrEMBL columns links to corresponding pages in the UniProt database.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide and number of predicted transmembrane region(s) according to in-house majority decision methods based on sets of predictors are also reported.
Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0000281[mitotic cytokinesis] GO:0005085[guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity] GO:0005096[GTPase activator activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005654[nucleoplasm] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005815[microtubule organizing center] GO:0005819[spindle] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0005856[cytoskeleton] GO:0005911[cell-cell junction] GO:0005923[bicellular tight junction] GO:0005938[cell cortex] GO:0007049[cell cycle] GO:0007399[nervous system development] GO:0015031[protein transport] GO:0016604[nuclear body] GO:0030154[cell differentiation] GO:0030496[midbody] GO:0032147[activation of protein kinase activity] GO:0032154[cleavage furrow] GO:0032467[positive regulation of cytokinesis] GO:0035556[intracellular signal transduction] GO:0042307[positive regulation of protein import into nucleus] GO:0042803[protein homodimerization activity] GO:0043065[positive regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0043123[positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:0043547[positive regulation of GTPase activity] GO:0045666[positive regulation of neuron differentiation] GO:0045859[regulation of protein kinase activity] GO:0051056[regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction] GO:0051260[protein homooligomerization] GO:0051301[cell division] GO:0051988[regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore] GO:0070161[anchoring junction] GO:0070301[cellular response to hydrogen peroxide] GO:0070830[bicellular tight junction assembly] GO:0071277[cellular response to calcium ion] GO:0071479[cellular response to ionizing radiation] GO:0072686[mitotic spindle] GO:0090630[activation of GTPase activity] GO:0097149[centralspindlin complex] GO:2000431[regulation of cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly]
Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
MEMSAT-SVM predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0005085[guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity] GO:0005096[GTPase activator activity] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005654[nucleoplasm] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0043547[positive regulation of GTPase activity] GO:2000431[regulation of cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly]
Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000281[mitotic cytokinesis] GO:0005085[guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity] GO:0005096[GTPase activator activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005654[nucleoplasm] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005815[microtubule organizing center] GO:0005819[spindle] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0005856[cytoskeleton] GO:0005911[cell-cell junction] GO:0005923[bicellular tight junction] GO:0005938[cell cortex] GO:0007049[cell cycle] GO:0007399[nervous system development] GO:0015031[protein transport] GO:0016604[nuclear body] GO:0030154[cell differentiation] GO:0030496[midbody] GO:0032147[activation of protein kinase activity] GO:0032154[cleavage furrow] GO:0032467[positive regulation of cytokinesis] GO:0035556[intracellular signal transduction] GO:0042307[positive regulation of protein import into nucleus] GO:0042803[protein homodimerization activity] GO:0043065[positive regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0043123[positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:0043547[positive regulation of GTPase activity] GO:0045666[positive regulation of neuron differentiation] GO:0045859[regulation of protein kinase activity] GO:0051056[regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction] GO:0051260[protein homooligomerization] GO:0051301[cell division] GO:0051988[regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore] GO:0070161[anchoring junction] GO:0070301[cellular response to hydrogen peroxide] GO:0070830[bicellular tight junction assembly] GO:0071277[cellular response to calcium ion] GO:0071479[cellular response to ionizing radiation] GO:0072686[mitotic spindle] GO:0090630[activation of GTPase activity] GO:0097149[centralspindlin complex] GO:2000431[regulation of cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly]
Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000281[mitotic cytokinesis] GO:0005085[guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity] GO:0005096[GTPase activator activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005654[nucleoplasm] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005815[microtubule organizing center] GO:0005819[spindle] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0005856[cytoskeleton] GO:0005911[cell-cell junction] GO:0005923[bicellular tight junction] GO:0005938[cell cortex] GO:0007049[cell cycle] GO:0007399[nervous system development] GO:0015031[protein transport] GO:0016604[nuclear body] GO:0030154[cell differentiation] GO:0030496[midbody] GO:0032147[activation of protein kinase activity] GO:0032154[cleavage furrow] GO:0032467[positive regulation of cytokinesis] GO:0035556[intracellular signal transduction] GO:0042307[positive regulation of protein import into nucleus] GO:0042803[protein homodimerization activity] GO:0043065[positive regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0043123[positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:0043547[positive regulation of GTPase activity] GO:0045666[positive regulation of neuron differentiation] GO:0045859[regulation of protein kinase activity] GO:0051056[regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction] GO:0051260[protein homooligomerization] GO:0051301[cell division] GO:0051988[regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore] GO:0070161[anchoring junction] GO:0070301[cellular response to hydrogen peroxide] GO:0070830[bicellular tight junction assembly] GO:0071277[cellular response to calcium ion] GO:0071479[cellular response to ionizing radiation] GO:0072686[mitotic spindle] GO:0090630[activation of GTPase activity] GO:0097149[centralspindlin complex] GO:2000431[regulation of cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly]
Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000281[mitotic cytokinesis] GO:0005085[guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity] GO:0005096[GTPase activator activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005654[nucleoplasm] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005815[microtubule organizing center] GO:0005819[spindle] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0005856[cytoskeleton] GO:0005911[cell-cell junction] GO:0005923[bicellular tight junction] GO:0005938[cell cortex] GO:0007049[cell cycle] GO:0007399[nervous system development] GO:0015031[protein transport] GO:0016604[nuclear body] GO:0030154[cell differentiation] GO:0030496[midbody] GO:0032147[activation of protein kinase activity] GO:0032154[cleavage furrow] GO:0032467[positive regulation of cytokinesis] GO:0035556[intracellular signal transduction] GO:0042307[positive regulation of protein import into nucleus] GO:0042803[protein homodimerization activity] GO:0043065[positive regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0043123[positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:0043547[positive regulation of GTPase activity] GO:0045666[positive regulation of neuron differentiation] GO:0045859[regulation of protein kinase activity] GO:0051056[regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction] GO:0051260[protein homooligomerization] GO:0051301[cell division] GO:0051988[regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore] GO:0070161[anchoring junction] GO:0070301[cellular response to hydrogen peroxide] GO:0070830[bicellular tight junction assembly] GO:0071277[cellular response to calcium ion] GO:0071479[cellular response to ionizing radiation] GO:0072686[mitotic spindle] GO:0090630[activation of GTPase activity] GO:0097149[centralspindlin complex] GO:2000431[regulation of cytokinesis, actomyosin contractile ring assembly]
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
