CDK2 protein expression summary - The Human Protein Atlas

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CDK2

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STRUCT & INT

CDK2

CDK2 INFORMATION
Proteinⁱ Full gene name according to HGNC.	Cyclin dependent kinase 2
Gene nameⁱ Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.	CDK2
Protein classⁱ Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).	Cancer-related genes Enzymes Plasma proteins
Protein evidence	Evidence at protein level (all genes)
Number of transcriptsⁱ Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.	4
Protein interactions	Interacting with 29 proteins

PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND LOCALIZATION
Tissue profileⁱ A summary of the overall protein expression profile across the analyzed normal tissues based on knowledge-based annotation, presented in the Tissue resource. "Estimation of protein expression could not be performed. View primary data." is shown for genes where available RNA-seq and gene/protein characterization data in combination with immunohistochemistry data has been evaluated as not sufficient to yield a reliable estimation of the protein expression profile.	Nuclear expression in subsets of cells in the intestinal tract and squamous epithelia, cells in germinal centers and seminiferous ducts.
Subcellular locationⁱ Main subcellular location based on data generated in the subcellular section of the Human Protein Atlas.	Localized to the Nucleoplasm In addition localized to the Centrosome
Predicted locationⁱ All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions. Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached. Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s). The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.	Intracellular

TISSUE RNA EXPRESSION
Tissue specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on normalized mRNA expression levels in the consensus dataset, calculated from the RNA expression levels in samples from HPA and GTEX. The categories include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, low tissue specificity and not detected.	Low tissue specificity
Tissue expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across tissues. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Placenta - Pregnancy (mainly)
Brain specificityⁱ The regional specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analysed brain samples, grouped into 13 main brain regions and calculated for the three different species. All brain expression profiles are based on data from HPA. The specificity categories include: regionally enriched, group enriched, regionally enhanced, low regional specificity and not detected. The classification rules are the same used for the tissue specificity category	Low human brain regional specificity
Brain expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across tissues. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Choroid plexus - Mitochondria (mainly)

CELL TYPE RNA EXPRESSION
Single cell type specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell types based on scRNA-seq data from normal tissues. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.	Group enriched (Syncytiotrophoblasts, Melanocytes, Cytotrophoblasts, Extravillous trophoblasts, Langerhans cells)
Single cell type expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across single cell types. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Cytotrophoblasts - Mitochondria (mainly)
Tissue cell type classificationⁱ Genes can have enriched specificity in different cell types in one or several tissues, or be enriched in a core cell type that appears in many different tissues.	Cell type enriched (Heart muscle - Endothelial cells, Kidney - Endothelial cells)
Immune cell specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples based on data from HPA. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.	Low immune cell specificity
Immune cell expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across single cell types. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Non-specific - Cell proliferation (mainly)

CANCER & CELL LINES
Prognostic summary	CDK2 is a prognostic marker in Kidney chromophobe, Liver hepatocellular carcinoma, Lung adenocarcinoma, Prostate adenocarcinoma
Cancer specificityⁱ Specificity of RNA expression in 17 cancer types is categorized as either cancer enriched, group enriched, cancer enhanced, low cancer specificity and not detected.	Cancer enhanced (Skin Cuteneous Melanoma)
Cell line expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across cell lines. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Skin cancer - Melanin biosynthesis (mainly)
Cell line specificityⁱ RNA specificity category based on RNA sequencing data from cancer cell lines in the Human Protein Atlas grouped according to type of cancer. Genes are classified into six different categories (enriched, group enriched, enhanced, low specificity and not detected) according to their RNA expression levels across the panel of cell lines.	Cancer enhanced (Skin cancer)

PROTEINS IN BLOOD
Detected in blood by immunoassayⁱ The blood-based immunoassay category applies to actively secreted proteins and is based on plasma or serum protein concentrations established with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, compiled from a literature search. The categories include: detected and not detected, where detection refers to a concentration found in the literature search.	No (not applicable)
Detected in blood by mass spectrometryⁱ Detection or not of the gene in blood, based on spectral count estimations from a publicly available mass spectrometry-based plasma proteomics data set obtained from the PeptideAtlas.	Yes
Proximity extension assayⁱ Detectibility in blood, based on proximity extension assays (Olink) for a longitudinal wellness study covering 76 individuals with six visits during two years. Read more	Not available

PROTEIN FUNCTION
Protein function (UniProt)ⁱ Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.	Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the control of the cell cycle; essential for meiosis, but dispensable for mitosis 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. Phosphorylates CABLES1, CTNNB1, CDK2AP2, ERCC6, NBN, USP37, p53/TP53, NPM1, CDK7, RB1, BRCA2, MYC, NPAT, EZH2 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27. Triggers duplication of centrosomes and DNA 28. Acts at the G1-S transition to promote the E2F transcriptional program and the initiation of DNA synthesis, and modulates G2 progression; controls the timing of entry into mitosis/meiosis by controlling the subsequent activation of cyclin B/CDK1 by phosphorylation, and coordinates the activation of cyclin B/CDK1 at the centrosome and in the nucleus 29, 30, 31. Crucial role in orchestrating a fine balance between cellular proliferation, cell death, and DNA repair in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) 32, 33, 34. Activity of CDK2 is maximal during S phase and G2; activated by interaction with cyclin E during the early stages of DNA synthesis to permit G1-S transition, and subsequently activated by cyclin A2 (cyclin A1 in germ cells) during the late stages of DNA replication to drive the transition from S phase to mitosis, the G2 phase 35, 36, 37. EZH2 phosphorylation promotes H3K27me3 maintenance and epigenetic gene silencing 38. Cyclin E/CDK2 prevents oxidative stress-mediated Ras-induced senescence by phosphorylating MYC 39. Involved in G1-S phase DNA damage checkpoint that prevents cells with damaged DNA from initiating mitosis; regulates homologous recombination-dependent repair by phosphorylating BRCA2, this phosphorylation is low in S phase when recombination is active, but increases as cells progress towards mitosis 40, 41, 42. In response to DNA damage, double-strand break repair by homologous recombination a reduction of CDK2-mediated BRCA2 phosphorylation 43. Involoved in regulation of telomere repar by mediating phosphorylation of NBN 44. Phosphorylation of RB1 disturbs its interaction with E2F1 45. NPM1 phosphorylation by cyclin E/CDK2 promotes its dissociates from unduplicated centrosomes, thus initiating centrosome duplication 46. Cyclin E/CDK2-mediated phosphorylation of NPAT at G1-S transition and until prophase stimulates the NPAT-mediated activation of histone gene transcription during S phase 47, 48. Required for vitamin D-mediated growth inhibition by being itself inactivated 49. Involved in the nitric oxide-(NO) mediated signaling in a nitrosylation/activation-dependent manner 50. USP37 is activated by phosphorylation and thus triggers G1-S transition 51. CTNNB1 phosphorylation regulates insulin internalization 52. Phosphorylates FOXP3 and negatively regulates its transcriptional activity and protein stability (By similarity). Phosphorylates ERCC6 which is essential for its chromatin remodeling activity at DNA double-strand breaks 53.... show less
Molecular function (UniProt)ⁱ Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.	Kinase, Serine/threonine-protein kinase, Transferase
Biological process (UniProt)ⁱ Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they are involved in a particular biological process.	Cell cycle, Cell division, DNA damage, DNA repair, Meiosis, Mitosis
Ligand (UniProt)ⁱ Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they bind, are associated with, or whose activity is dependent of some molecule.	ATP-binding, Magnesium, Metal-binding, Nucleotide-binding
Gene summary (Entrez)ⁱ Useful information about the gene from Entrez	This gene encodes a member of a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that participate in cell cycle regulation. The encoded protein is the catalytic subunit of the cyclin-dependent protein kinase complex, which regulates progression through the cell cycle. Activity of this protein is especially critical during the G1 to S phase transition. This protein associates with and regulated by other subunits of the complex including cyclin A or E, CDK inhibitor p21Cip1 (CDKN1A), and p27Kip1 (CDKN1B). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014]... show less

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