We use cookies to enhance the usability of our website. If you continue, we'll assume that you are happy to receive all cookies. More information. Don't show this again.
General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene namei
Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.
Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).
Cancer-related genes Candidate cardiovascular disease genes FDA approved drug targets Human disease related genes Plasma proteins Transporters
Predicted locationi
All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.
Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).
The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Chromosome
2
Cytoband
q14.1
Chromosome location (bp)
112829751 - 112836816
Number of transcriptsi
Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.
Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.
Potent pro-inflammatory cytokine 1,2,3,4. Initially discovered as the major endogenous pyrogen, induces prostaglandin synthesis, neutrophil influx and activation, T-cell activation and cytokine production, B-cell activation and antibody production, and fibroblast proliferation and collagen production 5. Promotes Th17 differentiation of T-cells. Synergizes with IL12/interleukin-12 to induce IFNG synthesis from T-helper 1 (Th1) cells 6. Plays a role in angiogenesis by inducing VEGF production synergistically with TNF and IL6 7. Involved in transduction of inflammation downstream of pyroptosis: its mature form is specifically released in the extracellular milieu by passing through the gasdermin-D (GSDMD) pore 8,9. Acts as a sensor of S.pyogenes infection in skin: cleaved and activated by pyogenes SpeB protease, leading to an inflammatory response that prevents bacterial growth during invasive skin infection 10....show less
Molecular function (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.
Cytokine, Mitogen, Pyrogen
Biological process (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they are involved in a particular biological process.
Inflammatory response
Gene summary (Entrez)i
Useful information about the gene from Entrez
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family. This cytokine is produced by activated macrophages as a proprotein, which is proteolytically processed to its active form by caspase 1 (CASP1/ICE). This cytokine is an important mediator of the inflammatory response, and is involved in a variety of cellular activities, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2/COX2) by this cytokine in the central nervous system (CNS) is found to contribute to inflammatory pain hypersensitivity. Similarly, IL-1B has been implicated in human osteoarthritis pathogenesis. Patients with severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) present elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1B in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid samples. The lung damage induced by the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is to a large extent, a result of the inflammatory response promoted by cytokines such as IL-1B. This gene and eight other interleukin 1 family genes form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2020]...show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The Splice variant identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the Swissprot and TrEMBL columns links to corresponding pages in the UniProt database.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide and number of predicted transmembrane region(s) according to in-house majority decision methods based on sets of predictors are also reported.
Transporters Transporter channels and pores Predicted secreted proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Plasma proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Candidate cardiovascular disease genes FDA approved drug targets Biotech drugs Small molecule drugs Human disease related genes Immune system diseases Allergies and autoimmune diseases Skin diseases Skin and soft tissue diseases Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000165[MAPK cascade] GO:0001660[fever generation] GO:0001819[positive regulation of cytokine production] GO:0001934[positive regulation of protein phosphorylation] GO:0002711[positive regulation of T cell mediated immunity] GO:0005125[cytokine activity] GO:0005149[interleukin-1 receptor binding] GO:0005178[integrin binding] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005576[extracellular region] GO:0005615[extracellular space] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005764[lysosome] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0006915[apoptotic process] GO:0006954[inflammatory response] GO:0006955[immune response] GO:0007165[signal transduction] GO:0007249[I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:0007254[JNK cascade] GO:0007267[cell-cell signaling] GO:0007566[embryo implantation] GO:0008284[positive regulation of cell population proliferation] GO:0008285[negative regulation of cell population proliferation] GO:0009743[response to carbohydrate] GO:0010573[vascular endothelial growth factor production] GO:0010575[positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production] GO:0010628[positive regulation of gene expression] GO:0010718[positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition] GO:0010829[negative regulation of glucose transmembrane transport] GO:0014805[smooth muscle adaptation] GO:0019221[cytokine-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0019904[protein domain specific binding] GO:0030141[secretory granule] GO:0030213[hyaluronan biosynthetic process] GO:0030335[positive regulation of cell migration] GO:0030593[neutrophil chemotaxis] GO:0030730[sequestering of triglyceride] GO:0030949[positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway] GO:0031394[positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process] GO:0031622[positive regulation of fever generation] GO:0031663[lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0031982[vesicle] GO:0032308[positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion] GO:0032496[response to lipopolysaccharide] GO:0032722[positive regulation of chemokine production] GO:0032725[positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production] GO:0032729[positive regulation of interferon-gamma production] GO:0032743[positive regulation of interleukin-2 production] GO:0032755[positive regulation of interleukin-6 production] GO:0032757[positive regulation of interleukin-8 production] GO:0033092[positive regulation of immature T cell proliferation in thymus] GO:0033198[response to ATP] GO:0034116[positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion] GO:0035234[ectopic germ cell programmed cell death] GO:0035505[positive regulation of myosin light chain kinase activity] GO:0042102[positive regulation of T cell proliferation] GO:0043122[regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:0043123[positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:0043406[positive regulation of MAP kinase activity] GO:0043407[negative regulation of MAP kinase activity] GO:0043491[protein kinase B signaling] GO:0045429[positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process] GO:0045766[positive regulation of angiogenesis] GO:0045833[negative regulation of lipid metabolic process] GO:0045840[positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division] GO:0045893[positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription] GO:0045917[positive regulation of complement activation] GO:0045944[positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0046330[positive regulation of JNK cascade] GO:0046627[negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway] GO:0046827[positive regulation of protein export from nucleus] GO:0048143[astrocyte activation] GO:0050691[regulation of defense response to virus by host] GO:0050729[positive regulation of inflammatory response] GO:0050766[positive regulation of phagocytosis] GO:0050767[regulation of neurogenesis] GO:0050768[negative regulation of neurogenesis] GO:0050796[regulation of insulin secretion] GO:0050805[negative regulation of synaptic transmission] GO:0050830[defense response to Gram-positive bacterium] GO:0050900[leukocyte migration] GO:0050995[negative regulation of lipid catabolic process] GO:0050996[positive regulation of lipid catabolic process] GO:0050999[regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity] GO:0051044[positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis] GO:0051091[positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity] GO:0051092[positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity] GO:0051781[positive regulation of cell division] GO:0060252[positive regulation of glial cell proliferation] GO:0060355[positive regulation of cell adhesion molecule production] GO:0060559[positive regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity] GO:0070164[negative regulation of adiponectin secretion] GO:0070372[regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade] GO:0070487[monocyte aggregation] GO:0070498[interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0070555[response to interleukin-1] GO:0071222[cellular response to lipopolysaccharide] GO:0071260[cellular response to mechanical stimulus] GO:0071310[cellular response to organic substance] GO:0071407[cellular response to organic cyclic compound] GO:0071466[cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus] GO:0071639[positive regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production] GO:0097192[extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand] GO:0097398[cellular response to interleukin-17] GO:0150078[positive regulation of neuroinflammatory response] GO:1900745[positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade] GO:1901224[positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:1902680[positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process] GO:1903140[regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier] GO:1903597[negative regulation of gap junction assembly] GO:2000556[positive regulation of T-helper 1 cell cytokine production] GO:2001240[negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand]
Predicted secreted proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Human disease related genes Immune system diseases Allergies and autoimmune diseases Skin diseases Skin and soft tissue diseases Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Predicted secreted proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Human disease related genes Immune system diseases Allergies and autoimmune diseases Skin diseases Skin and soft tissue diseases Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Predicted secreted proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Human disease related genes Immune system diseases Allergies and autoimmune diseases Skin diseases Skin and soft tissue diseases Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
