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General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene namei
Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.
Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).
Disease related genes Enzymes Human disease related genes Potential drug targets
Predicted locationi
All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.
Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).
The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Chromosome
15
Cytoband
q15.1
Chromosome location (bp)
39934115 - 40035591
Number of transcriptsi
Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.
Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.
Metabolic-stress sensing protein kinase that phosphorylates the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (EIF2S1/eIF-2-alpha) in response to low amino acid availability 1,2. Plays a role as an activator of the integrated stress response (ISR) required for adaptation to amino acid starvation (By similarity). EIF2S1/eIF-2-alpha phosphorylation in response to stress converts EIF2S1/eIF-2-alpha into a global protein synthesis inhibitor, leading to a global attenuation of cap-dependent translation, and thus to a reduced overall utilization of amino acids, while concomitantly initiating the preferential translation of ISR-specific mRNAs, such as the transcriptional activator ATF4, and hence allowing ATF4-mediated reprogramming of amino acid biosynthetic gene expression to alleviate nutrient depletion 3. Binds uncharged tRNAs (By similarity). Required for the translational induction of protein kinase PRKCH following amino acid starvation (By similarity). Involved in cell cycle arrest by promoting cyclin D1 mRNA translation repression after the unfolded protein response pathway (UPR) activation or cell cycle inhibitor CDKN1A/p21 mRNA translation activation in response to amino acid deprivation 4. Plays a role in the consolidation of synaptic plasticity, learning as well as formation of long-term memory (By similarity). Plays a role in neurite outgrowth inhibition (By similarity). Plays a proapoptotic role in response to glucose deprivation (By similarity). Promotes global cellular protein synthesis repression in response to UV irradiation independently of the stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) and p38 MAPK signaling pathways (By similarity). Plays a role in the antiviral response against alphavirus infection; impairs early viral mRNA translation of the incoming genomic virus RNA, thus preventing alphavirus replication (By similarity)....show less
Molecular function (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they bind, are associated with, or whose activity is dependent of some molecule.
ATP-binding, Nucleotide-binding
Gene summary (Entrez)i
Useful information about the gene from Entrez
This gene encodes a member of a family of kinases that phosphorylate the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor-2 (EIF2), resulting in the downregulaton of protein synthesis. The encoded protein responds to amino acid deprivation by binding uncharged transfer RNAs. It may also be activated by glucose deprivation and viral infection. Mutations in this gene have been found in individuals suffering from autosomal recessive pulmonary venoocclusive-disease-2. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014]...show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The Splice variant identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the Swissprot and TrEMBL columns links to corresponding pages in the UniProt database.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide and number of predicted transmembrane region(s) according to in-house majority decision methods based on sets of predictors are also reported.
Enzymes ENZYME proteins Transferases Kinases MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Disease related genes Potential drug targets Human disease related genes Cardiovascular diseases Vascular diseases Hypertensive diseases Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0000049[tRNA binding] GO:0000077[DNA damage checkpoint signaling] GO:0000166[nucleotide binding] GO:0001934[positive regulation of protein phosphorylation] GO:0002230[positive regulation of defense response to virus by host] GO:0002250[adaptive immune response] GO:0002286[T cell activation involved in immune response] GO:0002376[immune system process] GO:0002821[positive regulation of adaptive immune response] GO:0003723[RNA binding] GO:0004672[protein kinase activity] GO:0004674[protein serine/threonine kinase activity] GO:0004694[eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha kinase activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005524[ATP binding] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0005844[polysome] GO:0006417[regulation of translation] GO:0006446[regulation of translational initiation] GO:0006468[protein phosphorylation] GO:0007049[cell cycle] GO:0007399[nervous system development] GO:0007612[learning] GO:0007616[long-term memory] GO:0010998[regulation of translational initiation by eIF2 alpha phosphorylation] GO:0016301[kinase activity] GO:0016310[phosphorylation] GO:0016740[transferase activity] GO:0019081[viral translation] GO:0022626[cytosolic ribosome] GO:0032057[negative regulation of translational initiation in response to stress] GO:0032792[negative regulation of CREB transcription factor activity] GO:0034198[cellular response to amino acid starvation] GO:0034644[cellular response to UV] GO:0036492[eiF2alpha phosphorylation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress] GO:0044828[negative regulation by host of viral genome replication] GO:0045665[negative regulation of neuron differentiation] GO:0045947[negative regulation of translational initiation] GO:0046777[protein autophosphorylation] GO:0051246[regulation of protein metabolic process] GO:0051607[defense response to virus] GO:0051726[regulation of cell cycle] GO:0060259[regulation of feeding behavior] GO:0070417[cellular response to cold] GO:0071264[positive regulation of translational initiation in response to starvation] GO:0106310[protein serine kinase activity] GO:0140469[GCN2-mediated signaling] GO:1900273[positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation] GO:1990138[neuron projection extension] GO:1990253[cellular response to leucine starvation]
Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Human disease related genes Cardiovascular diseases Vascular diseases Hypertensive diseases Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Enzymes ENZYME proteins Transferases Kinases Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Disease related genes Potential drug targets Human disease related genes Cardiovascular diseases Vascular diseases Hypertensive diseases Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0000049[tRNA binding] GO:0000077[DNA damage checkpoint signaling] GO:0000166[nucleotide binding] GO:0002230[positive regulation of defense response to virus by host] GO:0002250[adaptive immune response] GO:0002286[T cell activation involved in immune response] GO:0002376[immune system process] GO:0002821[positive regulation of adaptive immune response] GO:0003723[RNA binding] GO:0004672[protein kinase activity] GO:0004674[protein serine/threonine kinase activity] GO:0004694[eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha kinase activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005524[ATP binding] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0005844[polysome] GO:0006417[regulation of translation] GO:0006446[regulation of translational initiation] GO:0006468[protein phosphorylation] GO:0007049[cell cycle] GO:0007399[nervous system development] GO:0007612[learning] GO:0007616[long-term memory] GO:0010998[regulation of translational initiation by eIF2 alpha phosphorylation] GO:0016301[kinase activity] GO:0016310[phosphorylation] GO:0016740[transferase activity] GO:0019081[viral translation] GO:0022626[cytosolic ribosome] GO:0032057[negative regulation of translational initiation in response to stress] GO:0032792[negative regulation of CREB transcription factor activity] GO:0034198[cellular response to amino acid starvation] GO:0034644[cellular response to UV] GO:0036492[eiF2alpha phosphorylation in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress] GO:0044828[negative regulation by host of viral genome replication] GO:0045665[negative regulation of neuron differentiation] GO:0045947[negative regulation of translational initiation] GO:0046777[protein autophosphorylation] GO:0051246[regulation of protein metabolic process] GO:0051607[defense response to virus] GO:0051726[regulation of cell cycle] GO:0060259[regulation of feeding behavior] GO:0070417[cellular response to cold] GO:0071264[positive regulation of translational initiation in response to starvation] GO:0106310[protein serine kinase activity] GO:0140469[GCN2-mediated signaling] GO:1900273[positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation] GO:1990138[neuron projection extension] GO:1990253[cellular response to leucine starvation]
Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Human disease related genes Cardiovascular diseases Vascular diseases Hypertensive diseases Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
H0YME5 [Direct mapping] Non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase
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MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Human disease related genes Cardiovascular diseases Vascular diseases Hypertensive diseases Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
