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General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene namei
Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.
Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).
Enzymes Metabolic proteins
Predicted locationi
All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.
Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).
The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Chromosome
15
Cytoband
q21.3
Chromosome location (bp)
57953424 - 58497866
Number of transcriptsi
Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.
Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.
Catalyzes the NAD-dependent oxidation of aldehyde substrates, such as all-trans-retinal and all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinal, to their corresponding carboxylic acids, all-trans-retinoate and all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinoate, respectively 1,2. Retinoate signaling is critical for the transcriptional control of many genes, for instance it is crucial for initiation of meiosis in both male and female (Probable) 3. Recognizes retinal as substrate, both in its free form and when bound to cellular retinol-binding protein (By similarity). Can metabolize octanal and decanal, but has only very low activity with benzaldehyde, acetaldehyde and propanal (By similarity). Displays complete lack of activity with citral (By similarity)....show less
Molecular function (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.
Oxidoreductase
Biological process (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they are involved in a particular biological process.
Lipid metabolism
Ligand (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they bind, are associated with, or whose activity is dependent of some molecule.
NAD
Gene summary (Entrez)i
Useful information about the gene from Entrez
This protein belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family of proteins. The product of this gene is an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of retinoic acid (RA) from retinaldehyde. Retinoic acid, the active derivative of vitamin A (retinol), is a hormonal signaling molecule that functions in developing and adult tissues. The studies of a similar mouse gene suggest that this enzyme and the cytochrome CYP26A1, concurrently establish local embryonic retinoic acid levels which facilitate posterior organ development and prevent spina bifida. Four transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011]...show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The Splice variant identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the Swissprot and TrEMBL columns links to corresponding pages in the UniProt database.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide and number of predicted transmembrane region(s) according to in-house majority decision methods based on sets of predictors are also reported.
Enzymes ENZYME proteins Oxidoreductases Metabolic proteins MEMSAT-SVM predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins THUMBUP predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0001568[blood vessel development] GO:0001758[retinal dehydrogenase activity] GO:0001822[kidney development] GO:0001889[liver development] GO:0002138[retinoic acid biosynthetic process] GO:0003007[heart morphogenesis] GO:0004028[3-chloroallyl aldehyde dehydrogenase activity] GO:0004029[aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0006629[lipid metabolic process] GO:0006776[vitamin A metabolic process] GO:0007494[midgut development] GO:0008283[cell population proliferation] GO:0008284[positive regulation of cell population proliferation] GO:0008285[negative regulation of cell population proliferation] GO:0009855[determination of bilateral symmetry] GO:0009952[anterior/posterior pattern specification] GO:0009954[proximal/distal pattern formation] GO:0010628[positive regulation of gene expression] GO:0014032[neural crest cell development] GO:0016331[morphogenesis of embryonic epithelium] GO:0016491[oxidoreductase activity] GO:0016620[oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor] GO:0016918[retinal binding] GO:0021915[neural tube development] GO:0021983[pituitary gland development] GO:0030182[neuron differentiation] GO:0030324[lung development] GO:0030326[embryonic limb morphogenesis] GO:0030900[forebrain development] GO:0030902[hindbrain development] GO:0031016[pancreas development] GO:0031076[embryonic camera-type eye development] GO:0032355[response to estradiol] GO:0033189[response to vitamin A] GO:0034097[response to cytokine] GO:0035115[embryonic forelimb morphogenesis] GO:0035799[ureter maturation] GO:0042572[retinol metabolic process] GO:0042573[retinoic acid metabolic process] GO:0042574[retinal metabolic process] GO:0042904[9-cis-retinoic acid biosynthetic process] GO:0043010[camera-type eye development] GO:0043065[positive regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0048384[retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway] GO:0048471[perinuclear region of cytoplasm] GO:0048566[embryonic digestive tract development] GO:0048738[cardiac muscle tissue development] GO:0051289[protein homotetramerization] GO:0060324[face development] GO:0071300[cellular response to retinoic acid] GO:0090242[retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in somitogenesis] GO:1905562[regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation]
Enzymes ENZYME proteins Oxidoreductases Metabolic proteins MEMSAT-SVM predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins THUMBUP predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0001758[retinal dehydrogenase activity] GO:0002138[retinoic acid biosynthetic process] GO:0004028[3-chloroallyl aldehyde dehydrogenase activity] GO:0004029[aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0006629[lipid metabolic process] GO:0006776[vitamin A metabolic process] GO:0008285[negative regulation of cell population proliferation] GO:0016491[oxidoreductase activity] GO:0016620[oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor] GO:0016918[retinal binding] GO:0021915[neural tube development] GO:0034097[response to cytokine] GO:0042572[retinol metabolic process] GO:0042573[retinoic acid metabolic process] GO:0051289[protein homotetramerization] GO:0071300[cellular response to retinoic acid]
Enzymes ENZYME proteins Oxidoreductases Metabolic proteins MEMSAT-SVM predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins THUMBUP predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0001758[retinal dehydrogenase activity] GO:0002138[retinoic acid biosynthetic process] GO:0004028[3-chloroallyl aldehyde dehydrogenase activity] GO:0004029[aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0006629[lipid metabolic process] GO:0006776[vitamin A metabolic process] GO:0008285[negative regulation of cell population proliferation] GO:0016491[oxidoreductase activity] GO:0016620[oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor] GO:0016918[retinal binding] GO:0021915[neural tube development] GO:0034097[response to cytokine] GO:0042572[retinol metabolic process] GO:0042573[retinoic acid metabolic process] GO:0051289[protein homotetramerization] GO:0071300[cellular response to retinoic acid]
Enzymes ENZYME proteins Oxidoreductases Metabolic proteins MEMSAT-SVM predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins THUMBUP predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0001758[retinal dehydrogenase activity] GO:0002138[retinoic acid biosynthetic process] GO:0004028[3-chloroallyl aldehyde dehydrogenase activity] GO:0004029[aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0006629[lipid metabolic process] GO:0006776[vitamin A metabolic process] GO:0008285[negative regulation of cell population proliferation] GO:0016491[oxidoreductase activity] GO:0016620[oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor] GO:0016918[retinal binding] GO:0021915[neural tube development] GO:0034097[response to cytokine] GO:0042572[retinol metabolic process] GO:0042573[retinoic acid metabolic process] GO:0051289[protein homotetramerization] GO:0071300[cellular response to retinoic acid]
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
