GENERAL INFORMATIONi
Gene namei RARA
Synonyms NR1B1, RAR, RAR-alpha, RARalpha
Gene descriptioni Retinoic acid receptor alpha
Protein classi Cancer-related genes
Disease related genes
FDA approved drug targets
Human disease related genes
Nuclear receptors
Plasma proteins
Transcription factors
Predicted locationi Intracellular
Protein evidence Evidence at protein level (all genes)
GENE INFORMATIONi
Chromosome 17
Cytoband q21.2
Chromosome location (bp) 40309180 - 40357643
Number of transcriptsi 7
Ensembl ENSG00000131759 (version 109)
Entrez gene 5914
HGNC HGNC:9864
UniProt P10276 (UniProt - Evidence at protein level)
neXtProt NX_P10276
GeneCards RARA
Antibodypedia RARA antibodies


PROTEIN FUNCTION
Protein function (UniProt)i Receptor for retinoic acid 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Retinoic acid receptors bind as heterodimers to their target response elements in response to their ligands, all-trans or 9-cis retinoic acid, and regulate gene expression in various biological processes 6, 7, 8. The RXR/RAR heterodimers bind to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE) composed of tandem 5'-AGGTCA-3' sites known as DR1-DR5 9, 10. In the absence of ligand, the RXR-RAR heterodimers associate with a multiprotein complex containing transcription corepressors that induce histone deacetylation, chromatin condensation and transcriptional suppression 11. On ligand binding, the corepressors dissociate from the receptors and associate with the coactivators leading to transcriptional activation 12, 13, 14, 15. Formation of a complex with histone deacetylases might lead to inhibition of RARE DNA element binding and to transcriptional repression 16. Transcriptional activation and RARE DNA element binding might be supported by the transcription factor KLF2 17. RARA plays an essential role in the regulation of retinoic acid-induced germ cell development during spermatogenesis (By similarity). Has a role in the survival of early spermatocytes at the beginning prophase of meiosis (By similarity). In Sertoli cells, may promote the survival and development of early meiotic prophase spermatocytes (By similarity). In concert with RARG, required for skeletal growth, matrix homeostasis and growth plate function (By similarity). Together with RXRA, positively regulates microRNA-10a expression, thereby inhibiting the GATA6/VCAM1 signaling response to pulsatile shear stress in vascular endothelial cells 18. In association with HDAC3, HDAC5 and HDAC7 corepressors, plays a role in the repression of microRNA-10a and thereby promotes the inflammatory response 19. show less
Molecular function (UniProt)i DNA-binding, Receptor
Biological process (UniProt)i Transcription, Transcription regulation
Ligand (UniProt)i Metal-binding, Zinc
Gene summary (Entrez)i This gene represents a nuclear retinoic acid receptor. The encoded protein, retinoic acid receptor alpha, regulates transcription in a ligand-dependent manner. This gene has been implicated in regulation of development, differentiation, apoptosis, granulopoeisis, and transcription of clock genes. Translocations between this locus and several other loci have been associated with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this locus.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010] show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
Splice variant SwissProt TrEMBL Protein class Gene ontology Length & mass Signal peptide
(predicted)		 Transmembrane regions
(predicted)
RARA-201
ENSP00000254066
ENST00000254066
P10276
[Direct mapping] Retinoic acid receptor alpha
Show all
Q6I9R7
[Target identity:100%; Query identity:100%] RARA protein; Retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1; Retinoic acid receptor, alpha, isoform CRA_c; cDNA, FLJ92939, Homo sapiens retinoic acid receptor, alpha (RARA), mRNA
Show all
Nuclear receptors
Predicted intracellular proteins
   Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC
Plasma proteins
Transcription factors
   Zinc-coordinating DNA-binding domains
Cancer-related genes
   Candidate cancer biomarkers
   COSMIC somatic mutations in cancer genes
   COSMIC Somatic Mutations
   COSMIC Translocations
Disease related genes
FDA approved drug targets
   Small molecule drugs
Human disease related genes
   Cancers
   Cancers of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues
Mapped to neXtProt
   neXtProt - Evidence at protein level
Show all
GO:0000122 [negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II]
GO:0000785 [chromatin]
GO:0000900 [mRNA regulatory element binding translation repressor activity]
GO:0000976 [transcription cis-regulatory region binding]
GO:0000977 [RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding]
GO:0000978 [RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding]
GO:0000981 [DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific]
GO:0001217 [DNA-binding transcription repressor activity]
GO:0001223 [transcription coactivator binding]
GO:0001657 [ureteric bud development]
GO:0001843 [neural tube closure]
GO:0001889 [liver development]
GO:0001972 [retinoic acid binding]
GO:0002068 [glandular epithelial cell development]
GO:0003417 [growth plate cartilage development]
GO:0003677 [DNA binding]
GO:0003682 [chromatin binding]
GO:0003700 [DNA-binding transcription factor activity]
GO:0004879 [nuclear receptor activity]
GO:0005102 [signaling receptor binding]
GO:0005515 [protein binding]
GO:0005634 [nucleus]
GO:0005654 [nucleoplasm]
GO:0005667 [transcription regulator complex]
GO:0005730 [nucleolus]
GO:0005737 [cytoplasm]
GO:0005829 [cytosol]
GO:0005886 [plasma membrane]
GO:0006351 [DNA-templated transcription]
GO:0006355 [regulation of DNA-templated transcription]
GO:0006468 [protein phosphorylation]
GO:0007281 [germ cell development]
GO:0007565 [female pregnancy]
GO:0008270 [zinc ion binding]
GO:0008284 [positive regulation of cell population proliferation]
GO:0008285 [negative regulation of cell population proliferation]
GO:0008584 [male gonad development]
GO:0009755 [hormone-mediated signaling pathway]
GO:0010628 [positive regulation of gene expression]
GO:0010629 [negative regulation of gene expression]
GO:0015629 [actin cytoskeleton]
GO:0017148 [negative regulation of translation]
GO:0019899 [enzyme binding]
GO:0019904 [protein domain specific binding]
GO:0021766 [hippocampus development]
GO:0030154 [cell differentiation]
GO:0030425 [dendrite]
GO:0030850 [prostate gland development]
GO:0030852 [regulation of granulocyte differentiation]
GO:0030853 [negative regulation of granulocyte differentiation]
GO:0031076 [embryonic camera-type eye development]
GO:0031490 [chromatin DNA binding]
GO:0031641 [regulation of myelination]
GO:0032355 [response to estradiol]
GO:0032526 [response to retinoic acid]
GO:0032689 [negative regulation of interferon-gamma production]
GO:0032720 [negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production]
GO:0032736 [positive regulation of interleukin-13 production]
GO:0032753 [positive regulation of interleukin-4 production]
GO:0032754 [positive regulation of interleukin-5 production]
GO:0032991 [protein-containing complex]
GO:0033189 [response to vitamin A]
GO:0034097 [response to cytokine]
GO:0035264 [multicellular organism growth]
GO:0042789 [mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II]
GO:0042826 [histone deacetylase binding]
GO:0042981 [regulation of apoptotic process]
GO:0043005 [neuron projection]
GO:0043277 [apoptotic cell clearance]
GO:0043422 [protein kinase B binding]
GO:0043565 [sequence-specific DNA binding]
GO:0044323 [retinoic acid-responsive element binding]
GO:0045471 [response to ethanol]
GO:0045596 [negative regulation of cell differentiation]
GO:0045630 [positive regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation]
GO:0045666 [positive regulation of neuron differentiation]
GO:0045787 [positive regulation of cell cycle]
GO:0045892 [negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription]
GO:0045893 [positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription]
GO:0045944 [positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II]
GO:0046872 [metal ion binding]
GO:0048027 [mRNA 5'-UTR binding]
GO:0048167 [regulation of synaptic plasticity]
GO:0048384 [retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway]
GO:0048471 [perinuclear region of cytoplasm]
GO:0051018 [protein kinase A binding]
GO:0051099 [positive regulation of binding]
GO:0051393 [alpha-actinin binding]
GO:0055012 [ventricular cardiac muscle cell differentiation]
GO:0060010 [Sertoli cell fate commitment]
GO:0060173 [limb development]
GO:0060324 [face development]
GO:0060348 [bone development]
GO:0060534 [trachea cartilage development]
GO:0060591 [chondroblast differentiation]
GO:0061037 [negative regulation of cartilage development]
GO:0071222 [cellular response to lipopolysaccharide]
GO:0071300 [cellular response to retinoic acid]
GO:0071391 [cellular response to estrogen stimulus]
GO:0090575 [RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex]
GO:1901363 [heterocyclic compound binding]
GO:1901532 [regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation]
GO:1902894 [negative regulation of miRNA transcription]
GO:1990837 [sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding]
Show all
 462 aa
50.8 kDa 		No 0
RARA-202
ENSP00000377643
ENST00000394081
P10276
[Direct mapping] Retinoic acid receptor alpha
Show all
F1D8N9
[Target identity:100%; Query identity:100%] Retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 2; Retinoic acid receptor, alpha, isoform CRA_b
Show all
Nuclear receptors
Predicted intracellular proteins
   Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC
Plasma proteins
Transcription factors
   Zinc-coordinating DNA-binding domains
Cancer-related genes
   Candidate cancer biomarkers
   COSMIC somatic mutations in cancer genes
   COSMIC Somatic Mutations
   COSMIC Translocations
Disease related genes
FDA approved drug targets
   Small molecule drugs
Human disease related genes
   Cancers
   Cancers of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues
Mapped to neXtProt
   neXtProt - Evidence at protein level
Show all
GO:0000122 [negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II]
GO:0000785 [chromatin]
GO:0000977 [RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding]
GO:0000978 [RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding]
GO:0000981 [DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific]
GO:0001217 [DNA-binding transcription repressor activity]
GO:0001223 [transcription coactivator binding]
GO:0001972 [retinoic acid binding]
GO:0003677 [DNA binding]
GO:0003682 [chromatin binding]
GO:0003700 [DNA-binding transcription factor activity]
GO:0004879 [nuclear receptor activity]
GO:0005102 [signaling receptor binding]
GO:0005515 [protein binding]
GO:0005634 [nucleus]
GO:0005654 [nucleoplasm]
GO:0005667 [transcription regulator complex]
GO:0005730 [nucleolus]
GO:0005737 [cytoplasm]
GO:0005829 [cytosol]
GO:0005886 [plasma membrane]
GO:0006351 [DNA-templated transcription]
GO:0006355 [regulation of DNA-templated transcription]
GO:0006468 [protein phosphorylation]
GO:0008270 [zinc ion binding]
GO:0008284 [positive regulation of cell population proliferation]
GO:0009755 [hormone-mediated signaling pathway]
GO:0015629 [actin cytoskeleton]
GO:0019899 [enzyme binding]
GO:0019904 [protein domain specific binding]
GO:0030154 [cell differentiation]
GO:0030853 [negative regulation of granulocyte differentiation]
GO:0031490 [chromatin DNA binding]
GO:0032526 [response to retinoic acid]
GO:0032689 [negative regulation of interferon-gamma production]
GO:0032720 [negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production]
GO:0032736 [positive regulation of interleukin-13 production]
GO:0032753 [positive regulation of interleukin-4 production]
GO:0032754 [positive regulation of interleukin-5 production]
GO:0032991 [protein-containing complex]
GO:0042789 [mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II]
GO:0043277 [apoptotic cell clearance]
GO:0043422 [protein kinase B binding]
GO:0043565 [sequence-specific DNA binding]
GO:0044323 [retinoic acid-responsive element binding]
GO:0045630 [positive regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation]
GO:0045787 [positive regulation of cell cycle]
GO:0045892 [negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription]
GO:0045893 [positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription]
GO:0045944 [positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II]
GO:0046872 [metal ion binding]
GO:0048384 [retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway]
GO:0051018 [protein kinase A binding]
GO:0051099 [positive regulation of binding]
GO:0051393 [alpha-actinin binding]
GO:0071300 [cellular response to retinoic acid]
GO:0071391 [cellular response to estrogen stimulus]
GO:0090575 [RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex]
GO:1902894 [negative regulation of miRNA transcription]
GO:1990837 [sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding]
Show all
 457 aa
50.7 kDa 		No 0
RARA-203
ENSP00000377648
ENST00000394086
A8MUP8
[Direct mapping] Retinoic acid receptor alpha; Retinoic acid receptor, alpha, isoform CRA_e
Show all
Predicted intracellular proteins
   Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC
Cancer-related genes
   COSMIC somatic mutations in cancer genes
   COSMIC Somatic Mutations
   COSMIC Translocations
Human disease related genes
   Cancers
   Cancers of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues
Show all
GO:0003677 [DNA binding]
GO:0003700 [DNA-binding transcription factor activity]
GO:0004879 [nuclear receptor activity]
GO:0005634 [nucleus]
GO:0005654 [nucleoplasm]
GO:0005829 [cytosol]
GO:0006351 [DNA-templated transcription]
GO:0006355 [regulation of DNA-templated transcription]
GO:0008270 [zinc ion binding]
GO:0015629 [actin cytoskeleton]
GO:0043565 [sequence-specific DNA binding]
GO:0046872 [metal ion binding]
GO:0048384 [retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway]
Show all
 478 aa
52.9 kDa 		No 0
RARA-204
ENSP00000377649
ENST00000394089
P10276
[Direct mapping] Retinoic acid receptor alpha
Show all
Q6I9R7
[Target identity:100%; Query identity:100%] RARA protein; Retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1; Retinoic acid receptor, alpha, isoform CRA_c; cDNA, FLJ92939, Homo sapiens retinoic acid receptor, alpha (RARA), mRNA
Show all
Nuclear receptors
Predicted intracellular proteins
   Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC
Plasma proteins
Transcription factors
   Zinc-coordinating DNA-binding domains
Cancer-related genes
   Candidate cancer biomarkers
   COSMIC somatic mutations in cancer genes
   COSMIC Somatic Mutations
   COSMIC Translocations
Disease related genes
FDA approved drug targets
   Small molecule drugs
Human disease related genes
   Cancers
   Cancers of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues
Mapped to neXtProt
   neXtProt - Evidence at protein level
Show all
GO:0000122 [negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II]
GO:0000785 [chromatin]
GO:0000977 [RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding]
GO:0000978 [RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding]
GO:0000981 [DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific]
GO:0001217 [DNA-binding transcription repressor activity]
GO:0001223 [transcription coactivator binding]
GO:0001972 [retinoic acid binding]
GO:0003677 [DNA binding]
GO:0003682 [chromatin binding]
GO:0003700 [DNA-binding transcription factor activity]
GO:0004879 [nuclear receptor activity]
GO:0005102 [signaling receptor binding]
GO:0005515 [protein binding]
GO:0005634 [nucleus]
GO:0005654 [nucleoplasm]
GO:0005667 [transcription regulator complex]
GO:0005730 [nucleolus]
GO:0005737 [cytoplasm]
GO:0005829 [cytosol]
GO:0005886 [plasma membrane]
GO:0006351 [DNA-templated transcription]
GO:0006355 [regulation of DNA-templated transcription]
GO:0006468 [protein phosphorylation]
GO:0008270 [zinc ion binding]
GO:0008284 [positive regulation of cell population proliferation]
GO:0009755 [hormone-mediated signaling pathway]
GO:0015629 [actin cytoskeleton]
GO:0019899 [enzyme binding]
GO:0019904 [protein domain specific binding]
GO:0030154 [cell differentiation]
GO:0030853 [negative regulation of granulocyte differentiation]
GO:0031490 [chromatin DNA binding]
GO:0032526 [response to retinoic acid]
GO:0032689 [negative regulation of interferon-gamma production]
GO:0032720 [negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production]
GO:0032736 [positive regulation of interleukin-13 production]
GO:0032753 [positive regulation of interleukin-4 production]
GO:0032754 [positive regulation of interleukin-5 production]
GO:0032991 [protein-containing complex]
GO:0042789 [mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II]
GO:0043277 [apoptotic cell clearance]
GO:0043422 [protein kinase B binding]
GO:0043565 [sequence-specific DNA binding]
GO:0044323 [retinoic acid-responsive element binding]
GO:0045630 [positive regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation]
GO:0045787 [positive regulation of cell cycle]
GO:0045892 [negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription]
GO:0045893 [positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription]
GO:0045944 [positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II]
GO:0046872 [metal ion binding]
GO:0048384 [retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway]
GO:0051018 [protein kinase A binding]
GO:0051099 [positive regulation of binding]
GO:0051393 [alpha-actinin binding]
GO:0071300 [cellular response to retinoic acid]
GO:0071391 [cellular response to estrogen stimulus]
GO:0090575 [RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex]
GO:1902894 [negative regulation of miRNA transcription]
GO:1990837 [sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding]
Show all
 462 aa
50.8 kDa 		No 0
RARA-206
ENSP00000389993
ENST00000425707
P10276
[Direct mapping] Retinoic acid receptor alpha
Show all
Nuclear receptors
   SPOCTOPUS predicted secreted proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
   Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC
Plasma proteins
Transcription factors
   Zinc-coordinating DNA-binding domains
Cancer-related genes
   Candidate cancer biomarkers
   COSMIC somatic mutations in cancer genes
   COSMIC Somatic Mutations
   COSMIC Translocations
Disease related genes
FDA approved drug targets
   Small molecule drugs
Human disease related genes
   Cancers
   Cancers of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues
Mapped to neXtProt
   neXtProt - Evidence at protein level
Show all
GO:0000122 [negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II]
GO:0000785 [chromatin]
GO:0000977 [RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding]
GO:0000978 [RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding]
GO:0000981 [DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific]
GO:0001217 [DNA-binding transcription repressor activity]
GO:0001223 [transcription coactivator binding]
GO:0001972 [retinoic acid binding]
GO:0003677 [DNA binding]
GO:0003682 [chromatin binding]
GO:0003700 [DNA-binding transcription factor activity]
GO:0004879 [nuclear receptor activity]
GO:0005102 [signaling receptor binding]
GO:0005515 [protein binding]
GO:0005634 [nucleus]
GO:0005654 [nucleoplasm]
GO:0005667 [transcription regulator complex]
GO:0005730 [nucleolus]
GO:0005737 [cytoplasm]
GO:0005829 [cytosol]
GO:0005886 [plasma membrane]
GO:0006355 [regulation of DNA-templated transcription]
GO:0006468 [protein phosphorylation]
GO:0008270 [zinc ion binding]
GO:0008284 [positive regulation of cell population proliferation]
GO:0009755 [hormone-mediated signaling pathway]
GO:0015629 [actin cytoskeleton]
GO:0019899 [enzyme binding]
GO:0019904 [protein domain specific binding]
GO:0030154 [cell differentiation]
GO:0030853 [negative regulation of granulocyte differentiation]
GO:0031490 [chromatin DNA binding]
GO:0032526 [response to retinoic acid]
GO:0032689 [negative regulation of interferon-gamma production]
GO:0032720 [negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production]
GO:0032736 [positive regulation of interleukin-13 production]
GO:0032753 [positive regulation of interleukin-4 production]
GO:0032754 [positive regulation of interleukin-5 production]
GO:0032991 [protein-containing complex]
GO:0042789 [mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II]
GO:0043277 [apoptotic cell clearance]
GO:0043422 [protein kinase B binding]
GO:0043565 [sequence-specific DNA binding]
GO:0044323 [retinoic acid-responsive element binding]
GO:0045630 [positive regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation]
GO:0045787 [positive regulation of cell cycle]
GO:0045892 [negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription]
GO:0045893 [positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription]
GO:0045944 [positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II]
GO:0046872 [metal ion binding]
GO:0048384 [retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway]
GO:0051018 [protein kinase A binding]
GO:0051099 [positive regulation of binding]
GO:0051393 [alpha-actinin binding]
GO:0071300 [cellular response to retinoic acid]
GO:0071391 [cellular response to estrogen stimulus]
GO:0090575 [RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex]
GO:1902894 [negative regulation of miRNA transcription]
GO:1990837 [sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding]
Show all
 365 aa
39.7 kDa 		No 0
RARA-207
ENSP00000462514
ENST00000475125
J3KSJ4
[Direct mapping] Retinoic acid receptor alpha
Show all
Predicted intracellular proteins
   Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC
Cancer-related genes
   COSMIC somatic mutations in cancer genes
   COSMIC Somatic Mutations
   COSMIC Translocations
Human disease related genes
   Cancers
   Cancers of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues
Show all
GO:0003677 [DNA binding]
GO:0003700 [DNA-binding transcription factor activity]
GO:0004879 [nuclear receptor activity]
GO:0005634 [nucleus]
GO:0005654 [nucleoplasm]
GO:0006351 [DNA-templated transcription]
GO:0006355 [regulation of DNA-templated transcription]
GO:0008270 [zinc ion binding]
GO:0043565 [sequence-specific DNA binding]
GO:0046872 [metal ion binding]
GO:0048384 [retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway]
Show all
 186 aa
21.4 kDa 		No 0
RARA-208
ENSP00000464287
ENST00000577646
J3QRM2
[Direct mapping] Retinoic acid receptor alpha
Show all
   SPOCTOPUS predicted secreted proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
   Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC
Cancer-related genes
   COSMIC somatic mutations in cancer genes
   COSMIC Somatic Mutations
   COSMIC Translocations
Human disease related genes
   Cancers
   Cancers of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues
Show all
GO:0005654 [nucleoplasm]
GO:0005730 [nucleolus]
Show all
 66 aa
6.7 kDa 		No 0

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