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General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene namei
Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.
Protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1
Protein classi
Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).
Enzymes FDA approved drug targets
Predicted locationi
All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.
Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).
The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Chromosome
5
Cytoband
p13.1
Chromosome location (bp)
40759389 - 40798374
Number of transcriptsi
Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.
Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.
Catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor protein kinase that plays a key role in regulating cellular energy metabolism 1,2,3,4. In response to reduction of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes: inhibits protein, carbohydrate and lipid biosynthesis, as well as cell growth and proliferation 5,6. AMPK acts via direct phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes, and by longer-term effects via phosphorylation of transcription regulators 7,8. Regulates lipid synthesis by phosphorylating and inactivating lipid metabolic enzymes such as ACACA, ACACB, GYS1, HMGCR and LIPE; regulates fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis by phosphorylating acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACACA and ACACB) and hormone-sensitive lipase (LIPE) enzymes, respectively (By similarity). Promotes lipolysis of lipid droplets by mediating phosphorylation of isoform 1 of CHKA (CHKalpha2) 9. Regulates insulin-signaling and glycolysis by phosphorylating IRS1, PFKFB2 and PFKFB3 (By similarity). AMPK stimulates glucose uptake in muscle by increasing the translocation of the glucose transporter SLC2A4/GLUT4 to the plasma membrane, possibly by mediating phosphorylation of TBC1D4/AS160 (By similarity). Regulates transcription and chromatin structure by phosphorylating transcription regulators involved in energy metabolism such as CRTC2/TORC2, FOXO3, histone H2B, HDAC5, MEF2C, MLXIPL/ChREBP, EP300, HNF4A, p53/TP53, SREBF1, SREBF2 and PPARGC1A 10,11,12,13,14. Acts as a key regulator of glucose homeostasis in liver by phosphorylating CRTC2/TORC2, leading to CRTC2/TORC2 sequestration in the cytoplasm (By similarity). In response to stress, phosphorylates 'Ser-36' of histone H2B (H2BS36ph), leading to promote transcription (By similarity). Acts as a key regulator of cell growth and proliferation by phosphorylating FNIP1, TSC2, RPTOR, WDR24 and ATG1/ULK1: in response to nutrient limitation, negatively regulates the mTORC1 complex by phosphorylating RPTOR component of the mTORC1 complex and by phosphorylating and activating TSC2 15,16,17,18. Also phosphorylates and inhibits GATOR2 subunit WDR24 in response to nutrient limitation, leading to suppress glucose-mediated mTORC1 activation 19. In response to energetic stress, phosphorylates FNIP1, inactivating the non-canonical mTORC1 signaling, thereby promoting nuclear translocation of TFEB and TFE3, and inducing transcription of lysosomal or autophagy genes 20. In response to nutrient limitation, promotes autophagy by phosphorylating and activating ATG1/ULK1 21. In that process also activates WDR45/WIPI4 22. Phosphorylates CASP6, thereby preventing its autoprocessing and subsequent activation 23. In response to nutrient limitation, phosphorylates transcription factor FOXO3 promoting FOXO3 mitochondrial import (By similarity). Also acts as a regulator of cellular polarity by remodeling the actin cytoskeleton; probably by indirectly activating myosin 24. AMPK also acts as a regulator of circadian rhythm by mediating phosphorylation of CRY1, leading to destabilize it (By similarity). May regulate the Wnt signaling pathway by phosphorylating CTNNB1, leading to stabilize it (By similarity). Also has tau-protein kinase activity: in response to amyloid beta A4 protein (APP) exposure, activated by CAMKK2, leading to phosphorylation of MAPT/TAU; however the relevance of such data remains unclear in vivo (By similarity). Also phosphorylates CFTR, EEF2K, KLC1, NOS3 and SLC12A1 25,26. Regulates hepatic lipogenesis. Activated via SIRT3, represses sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) transcriptional activities and ATP-consuming lipogenesis to restore cellular energy balance. Upon stress, regulates mitochondrial fragmentation through phosphorylation of MTFR1L 27....show less
Molecular function (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the ser/thr protein kinase family. It is the catalytic subunit of the 5'-prime-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK is a cellular energy sensor conserved in all eukaryotic cells. The kinase activity of AMPK is activated by the stimuli that increase the cellular AMP/ATP ratio. AMPK regulates the activities of a number of key metabolic enzymes through phosphorylation. It protects cells from stresses that cause ATP depletion by switching off ATP-consuming biosynthetic pathways. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]...show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The Splice variant identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the Swissprot and TrEMBL columns links to corresponding pages in the UniProt database.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide and number of predicted transmembrane region(s) according to in-house majority decision methods based on sets of predictors are also reported.
Q13131 [Direct mapping] 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1
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Enzymes ENZYME proteins Transferases Kinases CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinases MEMSAT-SVM predicted membrane proteins SCAMPI predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC FDA approved drug targets Small molecule drugs Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0000166[nucleotide binding] GO:0001666[response to hypoxia] GO:0003682[chromatin binding] GO:0004672[protein kinase activity] GO:0004674[protein serine/threonine kinase activity] GO:0004679[AMP-activated protein kinase activity] GO:0004691[cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005524[ATP binding] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005654[nucleoplasm] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0006325[chromatin organization] GO:0006468[protein phosphorylation] GO:0006629[lipid metabolic process] GO:0006631[fatty acid metabolic process] GO:0006633[fatty acid biosynthetic process] GO:0006694[steroid biosynthetic process] GO:0006695[cholesterol biosynthetic process] GO:0006914[autophagy] GO:0007165[signal transduction] GO:0008202[steroid metabolic process] GO:0008203[cholesterol metabolic process] GO:0008610[lipid biosynthetic process] GO:0010332[response to gamma radiation] GO:0010508[positive regulation of autophagy] GO:0010628[positive regulation of gene expression] GO:0010629[negative regulation of gene expression] GO:0016055[Wnt signaling pathway] GO:0016126[sterol biosynthetic process] GO:0016301[kinase activity] GO:0016310[phosphorylation] GO:0016570[histone modification] GO:0016607[nuclear speck] GO:0016740[transferase activity] GO:0030424[axon] GO:0030425[dendrite] GO:0031331[positive regulation of cellular catabolic process] GO:0031588[nucleotide-activated protein kinase complex] GO:0031669[cellular response to nutrient levels] GO:0032007[negative regulation of TOR signaling] GO:0034599[cellular response to oxidative stress] GO:0035174[histone serine kinase activity] GO:0035556[intracellular signal transduction] GO:0042149[cellular response to glucose starvation] GO:0042593[glucose homeostasis] GO:0042752[regulation of circadian rhythm] GO:0043025[neuronal cell body] GO:0043066[negative regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0045542[positive regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process] GO:0045821[positive regulation of glycolytic process] GO:0046318[negative regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process] GO:0046872[metal ion binding] GO:0047322[[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase activity] GO:0048156[tau protein binding] GO:0048511[rhythmic process] GO:0050321[tau-protein kinase activity] GO:0050405[[acetyl-CoA carboxylase] kinase activity] GO:0050995[negative regulation of lipid catabolic process] GO:0055089[fatty acid homeostasis] GO:0061744[motor behavior] GO:0061762[CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade] GO:0070050[neuron cellular homeostasis] GO:0070507[regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organization] GO:0071277[cellular response to calcium ion] GO:0071333[cellular response to glucose stimulus] GO:0097009[energy homeostasis] GO:0106310[protein serine kinase activity] GO:1903829[positive regulation of protein localization] GO:1903944[negative regulation of hepatocyte apoptotic process] GO:1904428[negative regulation of tubulin deacetylation] GO:1905691[lipid droplet disassembly] GO:1990044[protein localization to lipid droplet] GO:2000758[positive regulation of peptidyl-lysine acetylation]
Q13131 [Direct mapping] 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1
Show all
Enzymes ENZYME proteins Transferases Kinases CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinases MEMSAT-SVM predicted membrane proteins SCAMPI predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC FDA approved drug targets Small molecule drugs Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000166[nucleotide binding] GO:0001666[response to hypoxia] GO:0003682[chromatin binding] GO:0004672[protein kinase activity] GO:0004674[protein serine/threonine kinase activity] GO:0004679[AMP-activated protein kinase activity] GO:0004691[cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005524[ATP binding] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005654[nucleoplasm] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0006006[glucose metabolic process] GO:0006325[chromatin organization] GO:0006468[protein phosphorylation] GO:0006629[lipid metabolic process] GO:0006631[fatty acid metabolic process] GO:0006633[fatty acid biosynthetic process] GO:0006694[steroid biosynthetic process] GO:0006695[cholesterol biosynthetic process] GO:0006914[autophagy] GO:0007165[signal transduction] GO:0008022[protein C-terminus binding] GO:0008202[steroid metabolic process] GO:0008203[cholesterol metabolic process] GO:0008284[positive regulation of cell population proliferation] GO:0008610[lipid biosynthetic process] GO:0009410[response to xenobiotic stimulus] GO:0009411[response to UV] GO:0009631[cold acclimation] GO:0010332[response to gamma radiation] GO:0010468[regulation of gene expression] GO:0010508[positive regulation of autophagy] GO:0010628[positive regulation of gene expression] GO:0010629[negative regulation of gene expression] GO:0014823[response to activity] GO:0015721[bile acid and bile salt transport] GO:0016055[Wnt signaling pathway] GO:0016126[sterol biosynthetic process] GO:0016301[kinase activity] GO:0016310[phosphorylation] GO:0016324[apical plasma membrane] GO:0016570[histone modification] GO:0016607[nuclear speck] GO:0016740[transferase activity] GO:0019395[fatty acid oxidation] GO:0030424[axon] GO:0030425[dendrite] GO:0031000[response to caffeine] GO:0031331[positive regulation of cellular catabolic process] GO:0031588[nucleotide-activated protein kinase complex] GO:0031669[cellular response to nutrient levels] GO:0032007[negative regulation of TOR signaling] GO:0032991[protein-containing complex] GO:0033135[regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation] GO:0034599[cellular response to oxidative stress] GO:0035174[histone serine kinase activity] GO:0035556[intracellular signal transduction] GO:0038183[bile acid signaling pathway] GO:0042149[cellular response to glucose starvation] GO:0042542[response to hydrogen peroxide] GO:0042593[glucose homeostasis] GO:0042752[regulation of circadian rhythm] GO:0043025[neuronal cell body] GO:0043066[negative regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0044877[protein-containing complex binding] GO:0045542[positive regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process] GO:0045821[positive regulation of glycolytic process] GO:0046318[negative regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process] GO:0046627[negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway] GO:0046872[metal ion binding] GO:0047322[[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase activity] GO:0048156[tau protein binding] GO:0048511[rhythmic process] GO:0048643[positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development] GO:0050321[tau-protein kinase activity] GO:0050405[[acetyl-CoA carboxylase] kinase activity] GO:0050995[negative regulation of lipid catabolic process] GO:0055089[fatty acid homeostasis] GO:0060627[regulation of vesicle-mediated transport] GO:0061744[motor behavior] GO:0061762[CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade] GO:0062028[regulation of stress granule assembly] GO:0070050[neuron cellular homeostasis] GO:0070301[cellular response to hydrogen peroxide] GO:0070507[regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organization] GO:0071277[cellular response to calcium ion] GO:0071333[cellular response to glucose stimulus] GO:0071361[cellular response to ethanol] GO:0071380[cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus] GO:0071417[cellular response to organonitrogen compound] GO:0071456[cellular response to hypoxia] GO:0071466[cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus] GO:0097009[energy homeostasis] GO:0106310[protein serine kinase activity] GO:0120188[regulation of bile acid secretion] GO:1901563[response to camptothecin] GO:1903109[positive regulation of mitochondrial transcription] GO:1903829[positive regulation of protein localization] GO:1903944[negative regulation of hepatocyte apoptotic process] GO:1903955[positive regulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion] GO:1904428[negative regulation of tubulin deacetylation] GO:1904486[response to 17alpha-ethynylestradiol] GO:1905691[lipid droplet disassembly] GO:1990044[protein localization to lipid droplet] GO:2000758[positive regulation of peptidyl-lysine acetylation]
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