DHX9 protein expression summary - The Human Protein Atlas

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DHX9

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STRUCT & INT

DHX9

DHX9 INFORMATION
Proteinⁱ Full gene name according to HGNC.	DExH-box helicase 9
Gene nameⁱ Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.	DHX9 (DDX9, LKP, RHA)
Protein classⁱ Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).	Cancer-related genes Enzymes Plasma proteins
Protein evidence	Evidence at protein level (all genes)
Number of transcriptsⁱ Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.	1
Protein interactions	Interacting with 44 proteins

PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND LOCALIZATION
Tissue profileⁱ A summary of the overall protein expression profile across the analyzed normal tissues based on knowledge-based annotation, presented in the Tissue resource. "Estimation of protein expression could not be performed. View primary data." is shown for genes where available RNA-seq and gene/protein characterization data in combination with immunohistochemistry data has been evaluated as not sufficient to yield a reliable estimation of the protein expression profile.	Ubiquitous nuclear expression.
Subcellular locationⁱ Main subcellular location based on data generated in the subcellular section of the Human Protein Atlas.	Localized to the Nucleoplasm In addition localized to the Nucleoli
Predicted locationⁱ All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions. Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached. Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s). The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.	Intracellular

TISSUE RNA EXPRESSION
Tissue specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on normalized mRNA expression levels in the consensus dataset, calculated from the RNA expression levels in samples from HPA and GTEX. The categories include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, low tissue specificity and not detected.	Low tissue specificity
Tissue expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across tissues. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Non-specific - Transcription (mainly)
Brain specificityⁱ The regional specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analysed brain samples, grouped into 13 main brain regions and calculated for the three different species. All brain expression profiles are based on data from HPA. The specificity categories include: regionally enriched, group enriched, regionally enhanced, low regional specificity and not detected. The classification rules are the same used for the tissue specificity category	Low human brain regional specificity
Brain expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across tissues. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Non-specific - Transcription (mainly)

CELL TYPE RNA EXPRESSION
Single cell type specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell types based on scRNA-seq data from normal tissues. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.	Low cell type specificity
Single cell type expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across single cell types. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Non-specific - Basic cellular processes (mainly)
Tissue cell type classificationⁱ Genes can have enriched specificity in different cell types in one or several tissues, or be enriched in a core cell type that appears in many different tissues.	Cell type enriched (Testis - Spermatocytes, Testis - Spermatogonia)
Immune cell specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples based on data from HPA. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.	Low immune cell specificity
Immune cell expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across single cell types. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Non-specific - ATP binding (mainly)

CANCER & CELL LINES
Prognostic summary	DHX9 is a prognostic marker in Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma
Cancer specificityⁱ Specificity of RNA expression in 17 cancer types is categorized as either cancer enriched, group enriched, cancer enhanced, low cancer specificity and not detected.	Low cancer specificity
Cell line expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across cell lines. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Non-specific - Nuclear processes (mainly)
Cell line specificityⁱ RNA specificity category based on RNA sequencing data from cancer cell lines in the Human Protein Atlas grouped according to type of cancer. Genes are classified into six different categories (enriched, group enriched, enhanced, low specificity and not detected) according to their RNA expression levels across the panel of cell lines.	Low cancer specificity

PROTEINS IN BLOOD
Detected in blood by immunoassayⁱ The blood-based immunoassay category applies to actively secreted proteins and is based on plasma or serum protein concentrations established with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, compiled from a literature search. The categories include: detected and not detected, where detection refers to a concentration found in the literature search.	No (not applicable)
Detected in blood by mass spectrometryⁱ Detection or not of the gene in blood, based on spectral count estimations from a publicly available mass spectrometry-based plasma proteomics data set obtained from the PeptideAtlas.	Yes
Proximity extension assayⁱ Detectibility in blood, based on proximity extension assays (Olink) for a longitudinal wellness study covering 76 individuals with six visits during two years. Read more	Not available

PROTEIN FUNCTION
Protein function (UniProt)ⁱ Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.	Multifunctional ATP-dependent nucleic acid helicase that unwinds DNA and RNA in a 3' to 5' direction and that plays important roles in many processes, such as DNA replication, transcriptional activation, post-transcriptional RNA regulation, mRNA translation and RNA-mediated gene silencing 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12. Requires a 3'-single-stranded tail as entry site for acid nuclei unwinding activities as well as the binding and hydrolyzing of any of the four ribo-or deoxyribo-nucleotide triphosphates (NTPs) 13. Unwinds numerous nucleic acid substrates such as double-stranded (ds) DNA and RNA, DNA:RNA hybrids, DNA and RNA forks composed of either partially complementary DNA duplexes or DNA:RNA hybrids, respectively, and also DNA and RNA displacement loops (D- and R-loops), triplex-helical DNA (H-DNA) structure and DNA and RNA-based G-quadruplexes 14, 15, 16. Binds dsDNA, single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), dsRNA, ssRNA and poly(A)-containing RNA 17, 18. Binds also to circular dsDNA or dsRNA of either linear and/or circular forms and stimulates the relaxation of supercoiled DNAs catalyzed by topoisomerase TOP2A 19. Plays a role in DNA replication at origins of replication and cell cycle progression 20. Plays a role as a transcriptional coactivator acting as a bridging factor between polymerase II holoenzyme and transcription factors or cofactors, such as BRCA1, CREBBP, RELA and SMN1 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27. Binds to the CDKN2A promoter 28. Plays several roles in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression 29, 30. In cooperation with NUP98, promotes pre-mRNA alternative splicing activities of a subset of genes 31, 32, 33, 34. As component of a large PER complex, is involved in the negative regulation of 3' transcriptional termination of circadian target genes such as PER1 and NR1D1 and the control of the circadian rhythms (By similarity). Acts also as a nuclear resolvase that is able to bind and neutralize harmful massive secondary double-stranded RNA structures formed by inverted-repeat Alu retrotransposon elements that are inserted and transcribed as parts of genes during the process of gene transposition 35. Involved in the positive regulation of nuclear export of constitutive transport element (CTE)-containing unspliced mRNA 36, 37, 38. Component of the coding region determinant (CRD)-mediated complex that promotes cytoplasmic MYC mRNA stability 39. Plays a role in mRNA translation 40. Positively regulates translation of selected mRNAs through its binding to post-transcriptional control element (PCE) in the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) 41. Involved with LARP6 in the translation stimulation of type I collagen mRNAs for CO1A1 and CO1A2 through binding of a specific stem-loop structure in their 5'- UTRs 42. Stimulates LIN28A-dependent mRNA translation probably by facilitating ribonucleoprotein remodeling during the process of translation 43. Plays also a role as a small interfering (siRNA)-loading factor involved in the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) loading complex (RLC) assembly, and hence functions in the RISC-mediated gene silencing process 44. Binds preferentially to short double-stranded RNA, such as those produced during rotavirus intestinal infection 45. This interaction may mediate NLRP9 inflammasome activation and trigger inflammatory response, including IL18 release and pyroptosis 46. Finally, mediates the attachment of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) to actin filaments in the nucleus 47.... show less
Molecular function (UniProt)ⁱ Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.	Activator, DNA-binding, Helicase, Hydrolase, RNA-binding
Biological process (UniProt)ⁱ Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they are involved in a particular biological process.	Biological rhythms, DNA replication, Host-virus interaction, Immunity, Inflammatory response, Innate immunity, mRNA processing, mRNA splicing, mRNA transport, RNA-mediated gene silencing, Transcription, Transcription regulation, Transcription termination, Translation regulation, Transport
Ligand (UniProt)ⁱ Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they bind, are associated with, or whose activity is dependent of some molecule.	ATP-binding, Manganese, Metal-binding, Nucleotide-binding
Gene summary (Entrez)ⁱ Useful information about the gene from Entrez	This gene encodes a member of the DEAH-containing family of RNA helicases. The encoded protein is an enzyme that catalyzes the ATP-dependent unwinding of double-stranded RNA and DNA-RNA complexes. This protein localizes to both the nucleus and the cytoplasm and functions as a transcriptional regulator. This protein may also be involved in the expression and nuclear export of retroviral RNAs. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 11 and 13.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010]... show less

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