GENERAL INFORMATIONi
Gene namei RAC1
Synonyms p21-Rac1, Rac-1, TC-25
Gene descriptioni Rac family small GTPase 1
Protein classi Cancer-related genes
Disease related genes
Enzymes
Human disease related genes
Potential drug targets
RAS pathway related proteins
Predicted locationi Intracellular
Protein evidence Evidence at protein level (all genes)
GENE INFORMATIONi
Chromosome 7
Cytoband p22.1
Chromosome location (bp) 6374527 - 6403967
Number of transcriptsi 3
Ensembl ENSG00000136238 (version 109)
Entrez gene 5879
HGNC HGNC:9801
UniProt P63000 (UniProt - Evidence at protein level)
neXtProt NX_P63000
GeneCards RAC1
Antibodypedia RAC1 antibodies


PROTEIN FUNCTION
Protein function (UniProt)i Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such as secretory processes, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, epithelial cell polarization, neurons adhesion, migration and differentiation, and growth-factor induced formation of membrane ruffles 1, 2, 3, 4. Rac1 p21/rho GDI heterodimer is the active component of the cytosolic factor sigma 1, which is involved in stimulation of the NADPH oxidase activity in macrophages. Essential for the SPATA13-mediated regulation of cell migration and adhesion assembly and disassembly. Stimulates PKN2 kinase activity 5. In concert with RAB7A, plays a role in regulating the formation of RBs (ruffled borders) in osteoclasts 6. In podocytes, promotes nuclear shuttling of NR3C2; this modulation is required for a proper kidney functioning. Required for atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2-induced LIMK1-PAK1-dependent phosphorylation of cofilin (CFL1) and for up-regulation of ACKR2 from endosomal compartment to cell membrane, increasing its efficiency in chemokine uptake and degradation. In neurons, is involved in dendritic spine formation and synaptic plasticity (By similarity). In hippocampal neurons, involved in spine morphogenesis and synapse formation, through local activation at synapses by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), such as ARHGEF6/ARHGEF7/PIX 7. In synapses, seems to mediate the regulation of F-actin cluster formation performed by SHANK3. In neurons, plays a crucial role in regulating GABA(A) receptor synaptic stability and hence GABAergic inhibitory synaptic transmission through its role in PAK1 activation and eventually F-actin stabilization (By similarity). show less
Molecular function (UniProt)i Hydrolase
Ligand (UniProt)i GTP-binding, Nucleotide-binding
Gene summary (Entrez)i The protein encoded by this gene is a GTPase which belongs to the RAS superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins. Members of this superfamily appear to regulate a diverse array of cellular events, including the control of cell growth, cytoskeletal reorganization, and the activation of protein kinases. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009] show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
Splice variant SwissProt TrEMBL Protein class Gene ontology Length & mass Signal peptide
(predicted)		 Transmembrane regions
(predicted)
RAC1-201
ENSP00000258737
ENST00000348035
P63000
[Direct mapping] Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1
Show all
A4D2P1
[Target identity:100%; Query identity:100%] Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac1); Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac1), isoform CRA_a; Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 isoform Rac1; cDNA FLJ30431 fis, clone BRACE2008968, highly similar to Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1; cDNA FLJ75553, highly similar to Homo sapiens ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac1) (RAC1), transcript variant Rac1, mRNA
Show all
Enzymes
   ENZYME proteins
   Hydrolases
Predicted intracellular proteins
   Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC
RAS pathway related proteins
Cancer-related genes
   Candidate cancer biomarkers
   Mutated cancer genes
   Mutational cancer driver genes
   COSMIC somatic mutations in cancer genes
   COSMIC Somatic Mutations
   COSMIC Missense Mutations
   COSMIC Frameshift Mutations
Disease related genes
Potential drug targets
Human disease related genes
   Other diseases
   Mental and behavioural disorders
Mapped to neXtProt
   neXtProt - Evidence at protein level
Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014)
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000166 [nucleotide binding]
GO:0001764 [neuron migration]
GO:0001934 [positive regulation of protein phosphorylation]
GO:0003376 [sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor signaling pathway]
GO:0003924 [GTPase activity]
GO:0003925 [G protein activity]
GO:0005515 [protein binding]
GO:0005525 [GTP binding]
GO:0005634 [nucleus]
GO:0005737 [cytoplasm]
GO:0005789 [endoplasmic reticulum membrane]
GO:0005802 [trans-Golgi network]
GO:0005829 [cytosol]
GO:0005856 [cytoskeleton]
GO:0005884 [actin filament]
GO:0005886 [plasma membrane]
GO:0005925 [focal adhesion]
GO:0005938 [cell cortex]
GO:0006954 [inflammatory response]
GO:0007015 [actin filament organization]
GO:0007155 [cell adhesion]
GO:0007160 [cell-matrix adhesion]
GO:0007163 [establishment or maintenance of cell polarity]
GO:0007264 [small GTPase mediated signal transduction]
GO:0008045 [motor neuron axon guidance]
GO:0008360 [regulation of cell shape]
GO:0008361 [regulation of cell size]
GO:0009611 [response to wounding]
GO:0009653 [anatomical structure morphogenesis]
GO:0010310 [regulation of hydrogen peroxide metabolic process]
GO:0010591 [regulation of lamellipodium assembly]
GO:0010592 [positive regulation of lamellipodium assembly]
GO:0010595 [positive regulation of endothelial cell migration]
GO:0010764 [negative regulation of fibroblast migration]
GO:0010811 [positive regulation of cell-substrate adhesion]
GO:0016020 [membrane]
GO:0016477 [cell migration]
GO:0016601 [Rac protein signal transduction]
GO:0016787 [hydrolase activity]
GO:0019899 [enzyme binding]
GO:0019901 [protein kinase binding]
GO:0030027 [lamellipodium]
GO:0030031 [cell projection assembly]
GO:0030032 [lamellipodium assembly]
GO:0030036 [actin cytoskeleton organization]
GO:0030041 [actin filament polymerization]
GO:0030334 [regulation of cell migration]
GO:0030425 [dendrite]
GO:0030667 [secretory granule membrane]
GO:0030865 [cortical cytoskeleton organization]
GO:0031116 [positive regulation of microtubule polymerization]
GO:0031234 [extrinsic component of cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane]
GO:0031410 [cytoplasmic vesicle]
GO:0031529 [ruffle organization]
GO:0031996 [thioesterase binding]
GO:0032587 [ruffle membrane]
GO:0032707 [negative regulation of interleukin-23 production]
GO:0032956 [regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization]
GO:0034446 [substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading]
GO:0035025 [positive regulation of Rho protein signal transduction]
GO:0035556 [intracellular signal transduction]
GO:0036464 [cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule]
GO:0042470 [melanosome]
GO:0042995 [cell projection]
GO:0043020 [NADPH oxidase complex]
GO:0043197 [dendritic spine]
GO:0043652 [engulfment of apoptotic cell]
GO:0044877 [protein-containing complex binding]
GO:0045202 [synapse]
GO:0045428 [regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process]
GO:0045730 [respiratory burst]
GO:0048012 [hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway]
GO:0048261 [negative regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis]
GO:0048870 [cell motility]
GO:0051022 [Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor binding]
GO:0051179 [localization]
GO:0051492 [regulation of stress fiber assembly]
GO:0051496 [positive regulation of stress fiber assembly]
GO:0051668 [localization within membrane]
GO:0051894 [positive regulation of focal adhesion assembly]
GO:0055038 [recycling endosome membrane]
GO:0060071 [Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway]
GO:0060090 [molecular adaptor activity]
GO:0060263 [regulation of respiratory burst]
GO:0070062 [extracellular exosome]
GO:0071526 [semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway]
GO:0090023 [positive regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis]
GO:0097178 [ruffle assembly]
GO:0098794 [postsynapse]
GO:0098978 [glutamatergic synapse]
GO:0101003 [ficolin-1-rich granule membrane]
GO:1900026 [positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading]
GO:1902622 [regulation of neutrophil migration]
Show all
 192 aa
21.4 kDa 		No 0
RAC1-202
ENSP00000348461
ENST00000356142
P63000
[Direct mapping] Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1
Show all
A4D2P0
[Target identity:100%; Query identity:100%] Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac1); Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac1), isoform CRA_e; cDNA FLJ77333, highly similar to Homo sapiens ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac1) (RAC1), transcript variant Rac1b, mRNA
Show all
Enzymes
   ENZYME proteins
   Hydrolases
   SCAMPI predicted membrane proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
   Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC
RAS pathway related proteins
Cancer-related genes
   Candidate cancer biomarkers
   Mutated cancer genes
   Mutational cancer driver genes
   COSMIC somatic mutations in cancer genes
   COSMIC Somatic Mutations
   COSMIC Missense Mutations
   COSMIC Frameshift Mutations
Disease related genes
Potential drug targets
Human disease related genes
   Other diseases
   Mental and behavioural disorders
Mapped to neXtProt
   neXtProt - Evidence at protein level
Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014)
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000166 [nucleotide binding]
GO:0001764 [neuron migration]
GO:0001934 [positive regulation of protein phosphorylation]
GO:0003376 [sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor signaling pathway]
GO:0003924 [GTPase activity]
GO:0003925 [G protein activity]
GO:0005515 [protein binding]
GO:0005525 [GTP binding]
GO:0005634 [nucleus]
GO:0005737 [cytoplasm]
GO:0005789 [endoplasmic reticulum membrane]
GO:0005802 [trans-Golgi network]
GO:0005829 [cytosol]
GO:0005856 [cytoskeleton]
GO:0005884 [actin filament]
GO:0005886 [plasma membrane]
GO:0005925 [focal adhesion]
GO:0005938 [cell cortex]
GO:0006954 [inflammatory response]
GO:0007015 [actin filament organization]
GO:0007155 [cell adhesion]
GO:0007160 [cell-matrix adhesion]
GO:0007163 [establishment or maintenance of cell polarity]
GO:0007264 [small GTPase mediated signal transduction]
GO:0008045 [motor neuron axon guidance]
GO:0008360 [regulation of cell shape]
GO:0008361 [regulation of cell size]
GO:0009611 [response to wounding]
GO:0009653 [anatomical structure morphogenesis]
GO:0010310 [regulation of hydrogen peroxide metabolic process]
GO:0010591 [regulation of lamellipodium assembly]
GO:0010592 [positive regulation of lamellipodium assembly]
GO:0010595 [positive regulation of endothelial cell migration]
GO:0010764 [negative regulation of fibroblast migration]
GO:0010811 [positive regulation of cell-substrate adhesion]
GO:0016020 [membrane]
GO:0016477 [cell migration]
GO:0016601 [Rac protein signal transduction]
GO:0016787 [hydrolase activity]
GO:0019899 [enzyme binding]
GO:0019901 [protein kinase binding]
GO:0030027 [lamellipodium]
GO:0030031 [cell projection assembly]
GO:0030032 [lamellipodium assembly]
GO:0030036 [actin cytoskeleton organization]
GO:0030041 [actin filament polymerization]
GO:0030334 [regulation of cell migration]
GO:0030425 [dendrite]
GO:0030667 [secretory granule membrane]
GO:0030865 [cortical cytoskeleton organization]
GO:0031116 [positive regulation of microtubule polymerization]
GO:0031234 [extrinsic component of cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane]
GO:0031410 [cytoplasmic vesicle]
GO:0031529 [ruffle organization]
GO:0031996 [thioesterase binding]
GO:0032587 [ruffle membrane]
GO:0032707 [negative regulation of interleukin-23 production]
GO:0032956 [regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization]
GO:0034446 [substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading]
GO:0035025 [positive regulation of Rho protein signal transduction]
GO:0035556 [intracellular signal transduction]
GO:0036464 [cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule]
GO:0042470 [melanosome]
GO:0042995 [cell projection]
GO:0043020 [NADPH oxidase complex]
GO:0043197 [dendritic spine]
GO:0043652 [engulfment of apoptotic cell]
GO:0044877 [protein-containing complex binding]
GO:0045202 [synapse]
GO:0045428 [regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process]
GO:0045730 [respiratory burst]
GO:0048012 [hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway]
GO:0048261 [negative regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis]
GO:0048870 [cell motility]
GO:0051022 [Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor binding]
GO:0051179 [localization]
GO:0051492 [regulation of stress fiber assembly]
GO:0051496 [positive regulation of stress fiber assembly]
GO:0051668 [localization within membrane]
GO:0051894 [positive regulation of focal adhesion assembly]
GO:0055038 [recycling endosome membrane]
GO:0060071 [Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway]
GO:0060090 [molecular adaptor activity]
GO:0060263 [regulation of respiratory burst]
GO:0070062 [extracellular exosome]
GO:0071526 [semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway]
GO:0090023 [positive regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis]
GO:0097178 [ruffle assembly]
GO:0098794 [postsynapse]
GO:0098978 [glutamatergic synapse]
GO:0101003 [ficolin-1-rich granule membrane]
GO:1900026 [positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading]
GO:1902622 [regulation of neutrophil migration]
Show all
 211 aa
23.5 kDa 		No 0
RAC1-208
ENSP00000515615
ENST00000704002
   MEMSAT-SVM predicted membrane proteins
   SCAMPI predicted membrane proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
   Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC
RAS pathway related proteins
Cancer-related genes
   Mutated cancer genes
   Mutational cancer driver genes
   COSMIC somatic mutations in cancer genes
   COSMIC Somatic Mutations
   COSMIC Missense Mutations
   COSMIC Frameshift Mutations
Human disease related genes
   Other diseases
   Mental and behavioural disorders
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0003924 [GTPase activity]
GO:0005525 [GTP binding]
GO:0007264 [small GTPase mediated signal transduction]
Show all
 225 aa
24.9 kDa 		No 0

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