HNRNPU protein expression summary - The Human Protein Atlas

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HNRNPU

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STRUCT & INT

HNRNPU

HNRNPU INFORMATION
Proteinⁱ Full gene name according to HGNC.	Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U
Gene nameⁱ Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.	HNRNPU (C1orf199, FLJ30202, FLJ37978, HNRNPU-AS1, HNRPU, NCRNA00201, SAF-A)
Protein classⁱ Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).	Disease related genes Human disease related genes Plasma proteins
Protein evidence	Evidence at protein level (all genes)
Number of transcriptsⁱ Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.	11
Protein interactions	Interacting with 33 proteins

PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND LOCALIZATION
Tissue profileⁱ A summary of the overall protein expression profile across the analyzed normal tissues based on knowledge-based annotation, presented in the Tissue resource. "Estimation of protein expression could not be performed. View primary data." is shown for genes where available RNA-seq and gene/protein characterization data in combination with immunohistochemistry data has been evaluated as not sufficient to yield a reliable estimation of the protein expression profile.	Ubiquitous nuclear expression.
Subcellular locationⁱ Main subcellular location based on data generated in the subcellular section of the Human Protein Atlas.	Localized to the Nucleoplasm
Predicted locationⁱ All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions. Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached. Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s). The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.	Intracellular

TISSUE RNA EXPRESSION
Tissue specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on normalized mRNA expression levels in the consensus dataset, calculated from the RNA expression levels in samples from HPA and GTEX. The categories include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, low tissue specificity and not detected.	Low tissue specificity
Tissue expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across tissues. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Non-specific - Transcription (mainly)
Brain specificityⁱ The regional specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analysed brain samples, grouped into 13 main brain regions and calculated for the three different species. All brain expression profiles are based on data from HPA. The specificity categories include: regionally enriched, group enriched, regionally enhanced, low regional specificity and not detected. The classification rules are the same used for the tissue specificity category	Low human brain regional specificity
Brain expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across tissues. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Non-specific - Transcription (mainly)

CELL TYPE RNA EXPRESSION
Single cell type specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell types based on scRNA-seq data from normal tissues. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.	Low cell type specificity
Single cell type expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across single cell types. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Monocytes - Innate immune response (mainly)
Tissue cell type classificationⁱ Genes can have enriched specificity in different cell types in one or several tissues, or be enriched in a core cell type that appears in many different tissues.	Cell type enriched (Testis - Spermatocytes, Testis - Spermatogonia)
Immune cell specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples based on data from HPA. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.	Low immune cell specificity
Immune cell expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across single cell types. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Non-specific - DNA binding (mainly)

CANCER & CELL LINES
Prognostic summary	HNRNPU is a prognostic marker in Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma, Liver hepatocellular carcinoma, Lung adenocarcinoma
Cancer specificityⁱ Specificity of RNA expression in 17 cancer types is categorized as either cancer enriched, group enriched, cancer enhanced, low cancer specificity and not detected.	Low cancer specificity
Cell line expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across cell lines. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Non-specific - mRNA splicing & Cell cycle (mainly)
Cell line specificityⁱ RNA specificity category based on RNA sequencing data from cancer cell lines in the Human Protein Atlas grouped according to type of cancer. Genes are classified into six different categories (enriched, group enriched, enhanced, low specificity and not detected) according to their RNA expression levels across the panel of cell lines.	Low cancer specificity

PROTEINS IN BLOOD
Detected in blood by immunoassayⁱ The blood-based immunoassay category applies to actively secreted proteins and is based on plasma or serum protein concentrations established with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, compiled from a literature search. The categories include: detected and not detected, where detection refers to a concentration found in the literature search.	No (not applicable)
Detected in blood by mass spectrometryⁱ Detection or not of the gene in blood, based on spectral count estimations from a publicly available mass spectrometry-based plasma proteomics data set obtained from the PeptideAtlas.	Yes
Proximity extension assayⁱ Detectibility in blood, based on proximity extension assays (Olink) for a longitudinal wellness study covering 76 individuals with six visits during two years. Read more	Not available

PROTEIN FUNCTION
Protein function (UniProt)ⁱ Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.	DNA- and RNA-binding protein involved in several cellular processes such as nuclear chromatin organization, telomere-length regulation, transcription, mRNA alternative splicing and stability, Xist-mediated transcriptional silencing and mitotic cell progression 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Plays a role in the regulation of interphase large-scale gene-rich chromatin organization through chromatin-associated RNAs (caRNAs) in a transcription-dependent manner, and thereby maintains genomic stability 7, 8, 9. Required for the localization of the long non-coding Xist RNA on the inactive chromosome X (Xi) and the subsequent initiation and maintenance of X-linked transcriptional gene silencing during X-inactivation (By similarity). Plays a role as a RNA polymerase II (Pol II) holoenzyme transcription regulator 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. Promotes transcription initiation by direct association with the core-TFIIH basal transcription factor complex for the assembly of a functional pre-initiation complex with Pol II in a actin-dependent manner 16, 17. Blocks Pol II transcription elongation activity by inhibiting the C-terminal domain (CTD) phosphorylation of Pol II and dissociates from Pol II pre-initiation complex prior to productive transcription elongation 18. Positively regulates CBX5-induced transcriptional gene silencing and retention of CBX5 in the nucleus 19. Negatively regulates glucocorticoid-mediated transcriptional activation 20. Key regulator of transcription initiation and elongation in embryonic stem cells upon leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) signaling (By similarity). Involved in the long non-coding RNA H19-mediated Pol II transcriptional repression 21. Participates in the circadian regulation of the core clock component BMAL1 transcription (By similarity). Plays a role in the regulation of telomere length 22. Plays a role as a global pre-mRNA alternative splicing modulator by regulating U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) biogenesis 23. Plays a role in mRNA stability 24, 25, 26. Component of the CRD-mediated complex that promotes MYC mRNA stabilization 27. Enhances the expression of specific genes, such as tumor necrosis factor TNFA, by regulating mRNA stability, possibly through binding to the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) 28. Plays a role in mitotic cell cycle regulation 29, 30. Involved in the formation of stable mitotic spindle microtubules (MTs) attachment to kinetochore, spindle organization and chromosome congression 31. Phosphorylation at Ser-59 by PLK1 is required for chromosome alignement and segregation and progression through mitosis 32. Contributes also to the targeting of AURKA to mitotic spindle MTs 33. Binds to double- and single-stranded DNA and RNA, poly(A), poly(C) and poly(G) oligoribonucleotides 34, 35, 36, 37, 38. Binds to chromatin-associated RNAs (caRNAs) 39. Associates with chromatin to scaffold/matrix attachment region (S/MAR) elements in a chromatin-associated RNAs (caRNAs)-dependent manner 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47. Binds to the Xist RNA 48. Binds the long non-coding H19 RNA 49. Binds to SMN1/2 pre-mRNAs at G/U-rich regions 50. Binds to small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) 51. Binds to the 3'-UTR of TNFA mRNA 52. Binds (via RNA-binding RGG-box region) to the long non-coding Xist RNA; this binding is direct and bridges the Xist RNA and the inactive chromosome X (Xi) (By similarity). Also negatively regulates embryonic stem cell differentiation upon LIF signaling (By similarity). Required for embryonic development (By similarity). Binds to brown fat long non-coding RNA 1 (Blnc1); facilitates the recruitment of Blnc1 by ZBTB7B required to drive brown and beige fat development and thermogenesis (By similarity).... show less
Molecular function (UniProt)ⁱ Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.	Activator, Chromatin regulator, Developmental protein, DNA-binding, Repressor, Ribonucleoprotein, RNA-binding
Biological process (UniProt)ⁱ Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they are involved in a particular biological process.	Biological rhythms, Cell cycle, Cell division, Differentiation, Host-virus interaction, Mitosis, mRNA processing, mRNA splicing, Transcription, Transcription regulation
Ligand (UniProt)ⁱ Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they bind, are associated with, or whose activity is dependent of some molecule.	ATP-binding, Nucleotide-binding
Gene summary (Entrez)ⁱ Useful information about the gene from Entrez	This gene encodes a member of a family of proteins that bind nucleic acids and function in the formation of ribonucleoprotein complexes in the nucleus with heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA). The encoded protein has affinity for both RNA and DNA, and binds scaffold-attached region (SAR) DNA. Mutations in this gene have been associated with epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 54. A pseudogene of this gene has been identified on chromosome 14. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2017]... show less

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