CUL4B protein expression summary - The Human Protein Atlas

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CUL4B

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STRUCT & INT

CUL4B

CUL4B INFORMATION
Proteinⁱ Full gene name according to HGNC.	Cullin 4B
Gene nameⁱ Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.	CUL4B
Protein classⁱ Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).	Cancer-related genes Disease related genes Human disease related genes Plasma proteins
Protein evidence	Evidence at protein level (all genes)
Number of transcriptsⁱ Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.	15
Protein interactions	Interacting with 8 proteins

PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND LOCALIZATION
Tissue profileⁱ A summary of the overall protein expression profile across the analyzed normal tissues based on knowledge-based annotation, presented in the Tissue resource. "Estimation of protein expression could not be performed. View primary data." is shown for genes where available RNA-seq and gene/protein characterization data in combination with immunohistochemistry data has been evaluated as not sufficient to yield a reliable estimation of the protein expression profile.	General nuclear expression.
Subcellular locationⁱ Main subcellular location based on data generated in the subcellular section of the Human Protein Atlas.	Localized to the Nucleoplasm
Predicted locationⁱ All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions. Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached. Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s). The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.	Intracellular

TISSUE RNA EXPRESSION
Tissue specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on normalized mRNA expression levels in the consensus dataset, calculated from the RNA expression levels in samples from HPA and GTEX. The categories include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, low tissue specificity and not detected.	Low tissue specificity
Tissue expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across tissues. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Neuronal - Transcription (mainly)
Brain specificityⁱ The regional specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analysed brain samples, grouped into 13 main brain regions and calculated for the three different species. All brain expression profiles are based on data from HPA. The specificity categories include: regionally enriched, group enriched, regionally enhanced, low regional specificity and not detected. The classification rules are the same used for the tissue specificity category	Low human brain regional specificity
Brain expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across tissues. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Non-specific - Transcription (mainly)

CELL TYPE RNA EXPRESSION
Single cell type specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell types based on scRNA-seq data from normal tissues. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.	Cell type enhanced (Late spermatids, Early spermatids)
Single cell type expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across single cell types. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Late spermatids - Spermatogenesis (mainly)
Tissue cell type classificationⁱ Genes can have enriched specificity in different cell types in one or several tissues, or be enriched in a core cell type that appears in many different tissues.	No predicted cell type specificity
Immune cell specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples based on data from HPA. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.	Low immune cell specificity
Immune cell expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across single cell types. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Non-specific - DNA binding (mainly)

CANCER & CELL LINES
Prognostic summary	CUL4B is a prognostic marker in Kidney chromophobe, Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma
Cancer specificityⁱ Specificity of RNA expression in 17 cancer types is categorized as either cancer enriched, group enriched, cancer enhanced, low cancer specificity and not detected.	Low cancer specificity
Cell line expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across cell lines. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Non-specific - mRNA processing (mainly)
Cell line specificityⁱ RNA specificity category based on RNA sequencing data from cancer cell lines in the Human Protein Atlas grouped according to type of cancer. Genes are classified into six different categories (enriched, group enriched, enhanced, low specificity and not detected) according to their RNA expression levels across the panel of cell lines.	Low cancer specificity

PROTEINS IN BLOOD
Detected in blood by immunoassayⁱ The blood-based immunoassay category applies to actively secreted proteins and is based on plasma or serum protein concentrations established with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, compiled from a literature search. The categories include: detected and not detected, where detection refers to a concentration found in the literature search.	No (not applicable)
Detected in blood by mass spectrometryⁱ Detection or not of the gene in blood, based on spectral count estimations from a publicly available mass spectrometry-based plasma proteomics data set obtained from the PeptideAtlas.	Yes
Proximity extension assayⁱ Detectibility in blood, based on proximity extension assays (Olink) for a longitudinal wellness study covering 76 individuals with six visits during two years. Read more	Data available (Low detectability)

PROTEIN FUNCTION
Protein function (UniProt)ⁱ Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.	Core component of multiple cullin-RING-based E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes which mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. The functional specificity of the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex depends on the variable substrate recognition subunit 10, 11, 12, 13, 14. CUL4B may act within the complex as a scaffold protein, contributing to catalysis through positioning of the substrate and the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 15, 16, 17, 18. Plays a role as part of the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex in polyubiquitination of CDT1, histone H2A, histone H3 and histone H4 in response to radiation-induced DNA damage 19, 20, 21. Targeted to UV damaged chromatin by DDB2 and may be important for DNA repair and DNA replication 22. A number of DCX complexes (containing either TRPC4AP or DCAF12 as substrate-recognition component) are part of the DesCEND (destruction via C-end degrons) pathway, which recognizes a C-degron located at the extreme C terminus of target proteins, leading to their ubiquitination and degradation 23. The DCX(AMBRA1) complex is a master regulator of the transition from G1 to S cell phase by mediating ubiquitination of phosphorylated cyclin-D (CCND1, CCND2 and CCND3) 24, 25. The DCX(AMBRA1) complex also acts as a regulator of Cul5-RING (CRL5) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes by mediating ubiquitination and degradation of Elongin-C (ELOC) component of CRL5 complexes 26. Required for ubiquitination of cyclin E (CCNE1 or CCNE2), and consequently, normal G1 cell cycle progression 27, 28. Regulates the mammalian target-of-rapamycin (mTOR) pathway involved in control of cell growth, size and metabolism 29. Specific CUL4B regulation of the mTORC1-mediated pathway is dependent upon 26S proteasome function and requires interaction between CUL4B and MLST8 30. With CUL4A, contributes to ribosome biogenesis 31.... show less
Biological process (UniProt)ⁱ Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they are involved in a particular biological process.	Cell cycle, DNA damage, DNA repair, Ubl conjugation pathway
Gene summary (Entrez)ⁱ Useful information about the gene from Entrez	This gene is a member of the cullin family. The encoded protein forms a complex that functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase and catalyzes the polyubiquitination of specific protein substrates in the cell. The protein interacts with a ring finger protein, and is required for the proteolysis of several regulators of DNA replication including chromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1 and cyclin E. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]... show less

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