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General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene namei
Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.
Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).
Cancer-related genes Disease related genes Enzymes Potential drug targets
Predicted locationi
All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.
Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).
The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Chromosome
16
Cytoband
p12.2
Chromosome location (bp)
23677656 - 23690367
Number of transcriptsi
Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.
Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.
Serine/threonine-protein kinase that performs several important functions throughout M phase of the cell cycle, including the regulation of centrosome maturation and spindle assembly, the removal of cohesins from chromosome arms, the inactivation of anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) inhibitors, and the regulation of mitotic exit and cytokinesis 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36. Polo-like kinase proteins act by binding and phosphorylating proteins that are already phosphorylated on a specific motif recognized by the POLO box domains 37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72. Phosphorylates BORA, BUB1B/BUBR1, CCNB1, CDC25C, CEP55, ECT2, ERCC6L, FBXO5/EMI1, FOXM1, KIF20A/MKLP2, CENPU, NEDD1, NINL, NPM1, NUDC, PKMYT1/MYT1, KIZ, MRE11, PPP1R12A/MYPT1, POLQ, PRC1, RACGAP1/CYK4, RAD51, RHNO1, SGO1, STAG2/SA2, TEX14, TOPORS, p73/TP73, TPT1, WEE1 and HNRNPU 73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114. Plays a key role in centrosome functions and the assembly of bipolar spindles by phosphorylating KIZ, NEDD1 and NINL 115,116. NEDD1 phosphorylation promotes subsequent targeting of the gamma-tubulin ring complex (gTuRC) to the centrosome, an important step for spindle formation 117. Phosphorylation of NINL component of the centrosome leads to NINL dissociation from other centrosomal proteins 118. Involved in mitosis exit and cytokinesis by phosphorylating CEP55, ECT2, KIF20A/MKLP2, CENPU, PRC1 and RACGAP1 119,120,121,122,123. Recruited at the central spindle by phosphorylating and docking PRC1 and KIF20A/MKLP2; creates its own docking sites on PRC1 and KIF20A/MKLP2 by mediating phosphorylation of sites subsequently recognized by the POLO box domains 124,125. Phosphorylates RACGAP1, thereby creating a docking site for the Rho GTP exchange factor ECT2 that is essential for the cleavage furrow formation 126,127. Promotes the central spindle recruitment of ECT2 128. Plays a central role in G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle by phosphorylating CCNB1, CDC25C, FOXM1, CENPU, PKMYT1/MYT1, PPP1R12A/MYPT1 and WEE1 129,130,131,132. Part of a regulatory circuit that promotes the activation of CDK1 by phosphorylating the positive regulator CDC25C and inhibiting the negative regulators WEE1 and PKMYT1/MYT1 133. Also acts by mediating phosphorylation of cyclin-B1 (CCNB1) on centrosomes in prophase 134,135. Phosphorylates FOXM1, a key mitotic transcription regulator, leading to enhance FOXM1 transcriptional activity 136. Involved in kinetochore functions and sister chromatid cohesion by phosphorylating BUB1B/BUBR1, FBXO5/EMI1 and STAG2/SA2 137,138,139,140. PLK1 is high on non-attached kinetochores suggesting a role of PLK1 in kinetochore attachment or in spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) regulation 141. Required for kinetochore localization of BUB1B 142. Regulates the dissociation of cohesin from chromosomes by phosphorylating cohesin subunits such as STAG2/SA2 (By similarity). Phosphorylates SGO1: required for spindle pole localization of isoform 3 of SGO1 and plays a role in regulating its centriole cohesion function 143. Mediates phosphorylation of FBXO5/EMI1, a negative regulator of the APC/C complex during prophase, leading to FBXO5/EMI1 ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome 144,145. Acts as a negative regulator of p53 family members: phosphorylates TOPORS, leading to inhibit the sumoylation of p53/TP53 and simultaneously enhance the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of p53/TP53 146. Phosphorylates the transactivation domain of the transcription factor p73/TP73, leading to inhibit p73/TP73-mediated transcriptional activation and pro-apoptotic functions. Phosphorylates BORA, and thereby promotes the degradation of BORA 147. Contributes to the regulation of AURKA function 148,149. Also required for recovery after DNA damage checkpoint and entry into mitosis 150,151. Phosphorylates MISP, leading to stabilization of cortical and astral microtubule attachments required for proper spindle positioning 152. Together with MEIKIN, acts as a regulator of kinetochore function during meiosis I: required both for mono-orientation of kinetochores on sister chromosomes and protection of centromeric cohesin from separase-mediated cleavage (By similarity). Phosphorylates CEP68 and is required for its degradation 153. Regulates nuclear envelope breakdown during prophase by phosphorylating DCTN1 resulting in its localization in the nuclear envelope 154. Phosphorylates the heat shock transcription factor HSF1, promoting HSF1 nuclear translocation upon heat shock 155. Phosphorylates HSF1 also in the early mitotic period; this phosphorylation regulates HSF1 localization to the spindle pole, the recruitment of the SCF(BTRC) ubiquitin ligase complex induicing HSF1 degradation, and hence mitotic progression 156. Regulates mitotic progression by phosphorylating RIOK2 157. Through the phosphorylation of DZIP1 regulates the localization during mitosis of the BBSome, a ciliary protein complex involved in cilium biogenesis 158. Regulates DNA repair during mitosis by mediating phosphorylation of POLQ and RHNO1, thereby promoting POLQ recruitment to DNA damage sites 159,160. Phosphorylates ATXN10 which may play a role in the regulation of cytokinesis and may stimulate the proteasome-mediated degradation of ATXN10 161....show less
Molecular function (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they are involved in a particular biological process.
Cell cycle, Cell division, Mitosis
Ligand (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they bind, are associated with, or whose activity is dependent of some molecule.
ATP-binding, Nucleotide-binding
Gene summary (Entrez)i
Useful information about the gene from Entrez
The Ser/Thr protein kinase encoded by this gene belongs to the CDC5/Polo subfamily. It is highly expressed during mitosis and elevated levels are found in many different types of cancer. Depletion of this protein in cancer cells dramatically inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis; hence, it is a target for cancer therapy. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015]...show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The Splice variant identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the Swissprot and TrEMBL columns links to corresponding pages in the UniProt database.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide and number of predicted transmembrane region(s) according to in-house majority decision methods based on sets of predictors are also reported.
Enzymes ENZYME proteins Transferases Kinases MEMSAT-SVM predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Disease related genes Potential drug targets Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0000070[mitotic sister chromatid segregation] GO:0000086[G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle] GO:0000122[negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0000132[establishment of mitotic spindle orientation] GO:0000166[nucleotide binding] GO:0000278[mitotic cell cycle] GO:0000281[mitotic cytokinesis] GO:0000287[magnesium ion binding] GO:0000775[chromosome, centromeric region] GO:0000776[kinetochore] GO:0000779[condensed chromosome, centromeric region] GO:0000785[chromatin] GO:0000795[synaptonemal complex] GO:0000922[spindle pole] GO:0000940[outer kinetochore] GO:0001578[microtubule bundle formation] GO:0004672[protein kinase activity] GO:0004674[protein serine/threonine kinase activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005524[ATP binding] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005654[nucleoplasm] GO:0005694[chromosome] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005813[centrosome] GO:0005814[centriole] GO:0005815[microtubule organizing center] GO:0005819[spindle] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0005856[cytoskeleton] GO:0005876[spindle microtubule] GO:0006468[protein phosphorylation] GO:0007049[cell cycle] GO:0007052[mitotic spindle organization] GO:0007062[sister chromatid cohesion] GO:0007076[mitotic chromosome condensation] GO:0007077[mitotic nuclear membrane disassembly] GO:0007094[mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint signaling] GO:0007095[mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling] GO:0007098[centrosome cycle] GO:0007346[regulation of mitotic cell cycle] GO:0008017[microtubule binding] GO:0010800[positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation] GO:0010997[anaphase-promoting complex binding] GO:0015630[microtubule cytoskeleton] GO:0016301[kinase activity] GO:0016310[phosphorylation] GO:0016321[female meiosis chromosome segregation] GO:0016567[protein ubiquitination] GO:0016740[transferase activity] GO:0018105[peptidyl-serine phosphorylation] GO:0019901[protein kinase binding] GO:0030071[regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition] GO:0030496[midbody] GO:0031648[protein destabilization] GO:0032436[positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process] GO:0032465[regulation of cytokinesis] GO:0033365[protein localization to organelle] GO:0034451[centriolar satellite] GO:0042802[identical protein binding] GO:0043066[negative regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0043393[regulation of protein binding] GO:0045143[homologous chromosome segregation] GO:0045184[establishment of protein localization] GO:0045736[negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity] GO:0045862[positive regulation of proteolysis] GO:0051081[nuclear membrane disassembly] GO:0051233[spindle midzone] GO:0051301[cell division] GO:0051443[positive regulation of ubiquitin-protein transferase activity] GO:0051726[regulation of cell cycle] GO:0070194[synaptonemal complex disassembly] GO:0071168[protein localization to chromatin] GO:0090435[protein localization to nuclear envelope] GO:0097431[mitotic spindle pole] GO:0106310[protein serine kinase activity] GO:1900182[positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus] GO:1901673[regulation of mitotic spindle assembly] GO:1901990[regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition] GO:1904668[positive regulation of ubiquitin protein ligase activity] GO:1904776[regulation of protein localization to cell cortex] GO:1905784[regulation of anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process]
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