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General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene namei
Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.
Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).
Cancer-related genes Disease related genes Human disease related genes Plasma proteins RAS pathway related proteins
Predicted locationi
All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.
Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).
The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Chromosome
11
Cytoband
p15.5
Chromosome location (bp)
2129112 - 2158391
Number of transcriptsi
Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.
Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.
The insulin-like growth factors possess growth-promoting activity (By similarity). Major fetal growth hormone in mammals. Plays a key role in regulating fetoplacental development. IGF2 is influenced by placental lactogen. Also involved in tissue differentiation. In adults, involved in glucose metabolism in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver (Probable). Acts as a ligand for integrin which is required for IGF2 signaling 1. Positively regulates myogenic transcription factor MYOD1 function by facilitating the recruitment of transcriptional coactivators, thereby controlling muscle terminal differentiation (By similarity). Inhibits myoblast differentiation and modulates metabolism via increasing the mitochondrial respiration rate (By similarity)....show less
Molecular function (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.
Growth factor, Hormone, Mitogen
Biological process (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they are involved in a particular biological process.
This gene encodes a member of the insulin family of polypeptide growth factors, which are involved in development and growth. It is an imprinted gene, expressed only from the paternal allele, and epigenetic changes at this locus are associated with Wilms tumour, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, rhabdomyosarcoma, and Silver-Russell syndrome. A read-through INS-IGF2 gene exists, whose 5' region overlaps the INS gene and the 3' region overlaps this gene. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010]...show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The Splice variant identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the Swissprot and TrEMBL columns links to corresponding pages in the UniProt database.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide and number of predicted transmembrane region(s) according to in-house majority decision methods based on sets of predictors are also reported.
P01344 [Direct mapping] Insulin-like growth factor II Insulin-like growth factor II Insulin-like growth factor II Ala-25 Del Preptin
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MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins MEMSAT-SVM predicted membrane proteins THUMBUP predicted membrane proteins Predicted secreted proteins Secreted proteins predicted by MDSEC SignalP predicted secreted proteins Phobius predicted secreted proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted secreted proteins DeepTMHMM predicted secreted proteins DeepSig predicted secreted proteins Plasma proteins RAS pathway related proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Disease related genes Human disease related genes Cancers Cancers of the digestive system Cancers of endocrine organs Congenital malformations Other congenital malformations Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0000122[negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0001503[ossification] GO:0001649[osteoblast differentiation] GO:0001701[in utero embryonic development] GO:0001892[embryonic placenta development] GO:0001934[positive regulation of protein phosphorylation] GO:0005158[insulin receptor binding] GO:0005159[insulin-like growth factor receptor binding] GO:0005178[integrin binding] GO:0005179[hormone activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005576[extracellular region] GO:0005615[extracellular space] GO:0005975[carbohydrate metabolic process] GO:0006006[glucose metabolic process] GO:0006349[regulation of gene expression by genomic imprinting] GO:0006355[regulation of DNA-templated transcription] GO:0008083[growth factor activity] GO:0008284[positive regulation of cell population proliferation] GO:0008286[insulin receptor signaling pathway] GO:0009887[animal organ morphogenesis] GO:0030297[transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activator activity] GO:0031017[exocrine pancreas development] GO:0031056[regulation of histone modification] GO:0031093[platelet alpha granule lumen] GO:0038028[insulin receptor signaling pathway via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase] GO:0040018[] GO:0042104[positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation] GO:0043085[positive regulation of catalytic activity] GO:0043410[positive regulation of MAPK cascade] GO:0043539[protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity] GO:0045725[positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process] GO:0045840[positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division] GO:0045944[positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0046622[positive regulation of organ growth] GO:0046628[positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway] GO:0046935[1-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase regulator activity] GO:0048009[insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway] GO:0048018[receptor ligand activity] GO:0048633[positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue growth] GO:0050731[positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation] GO:0051146[striated muscle cell differentiation] GO:0051147[regulation of muscle cell differentiation] GO:0051148[negative regulation of muscle cell differentiation] GO:0051781[positive regulation of cell division] GO:0051897[positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling] GO:0060669[embryonic placenta morphogenesis] GO:0060720[spongiotrophoblast cell proliferation] GO:1905564[positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation] GO:2000467[positive regulation of glycogen (starch) synthase activity]
P01344 [Direct mapping] Insulin-like growth factor II Insulin-like growth factor II Insulin-like growth factor II Ala-25 Del Preptin
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Predicted membrane proteins Prediction method-based Membrane proteins predicted by MDM MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins MEMSAT-SVM predicted membrane proteins Phobius predicted membrane proteins SCAMPI predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins THUMBUP predicted membrane proteins # TM segments-based 1TM proteins predicted by MDM Plasma proteins RAS pathway related proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Disease related genes Human disease related genes Cancers Cancers of the digestive system Cancers of endocrine organs Congenital malformations Other congenital malformations Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0000122[negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0001503[ossification] GO:0001701[in utero embryonic development] GO:0001892[embryonic placenta development] GO:0001934[positive regulation of protein phosphorylation] GO:0005158[insulin receptor binding] GO:0005159[insulin-like growth factor receptor binding] GO:0005178[integrin binding] GO:0005179[hormone activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005576[extracellular region] GO:0005615[extracellular space] GO:0005975[carbohydrate metabolic process] GO:0006006[glucose metabolic process] GO:0006349[regulation of gene expression by genomic imprinting] GO:0006355[regulation of DNA-templated transcription] GO:0008083[growth factor activity] GO:0008284[positive regulation of cell population proliferation] GO:0008286[insulin receptor signaling pathway] GO:0031056[regulation of histone modification] GO:0031093[platelet alpha granule lumen] GO:0038028[insulin receptor signaling pathway via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase] GO:0042104[positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation] GO:0043085[positive regulation of catalytic activity] GO:0043410[positive regulation of MAPK cascade] GO:0043539[protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity] GO:0045725[positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process] GO:0045840[positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division] GO:0045944[positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0046628[positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway] GO:0048018[receptor ligand activity] GO:0050731[positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation] GO:0051147[regulation of muscle cell differentiation] GO:0051148[negative regulation of muscle cell differentiation] GO:0051781[positive regulation of cell division] GO:0051897[positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling] GO:0060669[embryonic placenta morphogenesis] GO:1905564[positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation] GO:2000467[positive regulation of glycogen (starch) synthase activity]
MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins MEMSAT-SVM predicted membrane proteins THUMBUP predicted membrane proteins Predicted secreted proteins Secreted proteins predicted by MDSEC SignalP predicted secreted proteins Phobius predicted secreted proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted secreted proteins DeepTMHMM predicted secreted proteins DeepSig predicted secreted proteins RAS pathway related proteins Human disease related genes Cancers Cancers of the digestive system Cancers of endocrine organs Congenital malformations Other congenital malformations Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
