Single cell type - CES4A - The Human Protein Atlas

GENERAL INFORMATIONⁱ General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene nameⁱ Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.	CES4A
Gene descriptionⁱ Full gene name according to HGNC.	Carboxylesterase 4A
Predicted locationⁱ All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions. Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached. Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s). The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.	Secreted, Intracellular
Number of transcriptsⁱ Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.	5

HUMAN PROTEIN ATLAS INFORMATIONⁱ Summary of RNA expression and protein localization based on data generated within the Human Protein Atlas project.
Single cell type expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across single cell types. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Breast glandular cells - Lactation (mainly)
Single cell type specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell types based on scRNA-seq data from normal tissues. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.	Cell type enhanced (Excitatory neurons, Ciliated cells, Breast glandular cells, Oligodendrocytes, Spermatocytes)
Tau specificity scoreⁱ Tau specificity score is a numerical indicator of the specificity of the gene expression across cells or tissues. The value ranges from 0 and 1, where 0 indicates identical expression across all cells/tissue types, while 1 indicates expression in a single cell/tissue type.	0.56
Brain cluster specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell cluster types based on snRNA-seq data from brain samples. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected. "cell type" refer to one of the 34 cluster names used to summarize the 2.5 million cells included in the brain cell representation.	Low cell type specificity
Immune cell specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples based on data from HPA. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.	Immune cell enhanced (non-classical monocyte)
Protein evidenceⁱ Evidence score for genes based on UniProt protein existence (UniProt evidence); neXtProt protein existence (neXtProt evidence);and a Human Protein Atlas antibody- or RNA based score (HPA evidence). The avaliable scores are evidence at protein level, evidence at transcript level, no evidence, or not avaliable.	Evidence at protein level
Extracellular locationⁱ A possible secretion of the protein was predicted based on N-terminal signal sequence (signal peptide) predictions and transmembrane region predictions, and subsequently annotated for its local or systemic secretion based on literature, function, and protein and RNA expression data.	Protein predicted to be secreted

ASSAYSⁱ

Single cell type

Cell type enrichment

Single nuclei - Brain

Immune cells

Expression clustering

SINGLE CELL TYPESⁱ A summary of normalized single cell RNA (nTPM) from all single cell types. Color-coding is based on cell type groups, each consisting of cell types with functional features in common.
Single cell types RNA single cell type specificity: Cell type enhanced (Excitatory neurons, Ciliated cells, Breast glandular cells, Oligodendrocytes, Spermatocytes)

TISSUE CELL TYPEⁱ The tissue cell type section provides a cell type specificity prediction for all protein coding genes. More information on the data available can be found here and a description of the analysis here.
	Core cell typesⁱ The core cell type table displays data for a panel of eight cell types that are found in many tissues. Colored dots indicate that the selected gene has core cell type specificity in the indicated tissue. Grey dots indicate that cell type is present within that tissue, but the selected gene is not predicted to be enriched there. Category Alphabetical Enrichment Tissue specific cell typesⁱ This plot shows the enrichment score of the selected gene in all non-core cell types found within the profiled tissues, allowing comparisons between different cell types within different tissues. An enlarged symbol indicates classification of the gene as cell type enriched in the corresponding cell type.

SINGLE NUCLEI BRAINⁱ

Single nuclei cluster types

RNA brain cluster specificity: Low cell type specificity

IMMUNE CELL TYPE EXPRESSION (RNA)ⁱ Blood cell type expression overview shows RNA-seq data from three different sources: Internally generated Human Protein Atlas (HPA) data, as well as data generated by (Monaco et al) and (Schmiedel et al). Color-coding is based on blood cell type lineages, including B-cells, T-cells, NK-cells, monocytes, granulocytes and dendritic cells as well as total PBMC. To access sample data, click on tissue name or bar.
HPA datasetⁱ The resulting transcript expression values calculated as nTPM, resulting from the internal normalization pipeline for 18 immune cell types and total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Lineage Expression Alphabetical Immune cell type specificity: Immune cell enhanced (non-classical monocyte)
Monaco datasetⁱ The transcript expression values (nTPM) resulting from the internal normalization pipeline are visualized for 29 blood cell types and total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from Monaco et al. Lineage Expression Alphabetical
Schmiedel datasetⁱ Transcript Per Million (TPM) values are visualized for 15 blood cell types from the Schmiedel et al. dataset. Lineage Expression Alphabetical

EXPRESSION CLUSTERING & CORRELATIONⁱ

SINGLE CELL TYPE

CES4A is part of cluster 17 Breast glandular cells - Lactation with confidenceⁱ 1
115 genes in cluster

Go to interactive expression cluster page

15 nearest neighbours based on single cell RNA expression

Neighbourⁱ Gene name according to HGNC.	Descriptionⁱ Gene description according to HGNC.	Correlationⁱ Correlation between the selected gene and neighboring gene. Correlation is calculated as Spearman correlation in PCA space based on the RNA-seq expression data.	Clusterⁱ ID of the expression cluster of the neighboring gene.
NPFFR2	Neuropeptide FF receptor 2	0.7926	17
EXTL1	Exostosin like glycosyltransferase 1	0.7755	17
XDH	Xanthine dehydrogenase	0.7306	17
SPINK8	Serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type 8 (putative)	0.7288	17
CIDEA	Cell death inducing DFFA like effector a	0.7195	17
C6orf15	Chromosome 6 open reading frame 15	0.7183	17
CSN1S1	Casein alpha s1	0.7179	17
LALBA	Lactalbumin alpha	0.7178	17
CSN2	Casein beta	0.7175	17
CSN3	Casein kappa	0.7172	17
BTN1A1	Butyrophilin subfamily 1 member A1	0.7164	17
GPAT2	Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 2, mitochondrial	0.6981	17
FASN	Fatty acid synthase	0.6897	17
LTF	Lactotransferrin	0.6702	17
CHRDL2	Chordin like 2	0.6676	17

IMMUNE CELLS

CES4A is part of cluster 13 Non-specific - Mitochondria with confidenceⁱ 0.81
458 genes in cluster

Go to interactive expression cluster page

15 nearest neighbours based on single cell RNA expression

Neighbourⁱ Gene name according to HGNC.	Descriptionⁱ Gene description according to HGNC.	Correlationⁱ Correlation between the selected gene and neighboring gene. Correlation is calculated as Spearman correlation in PCA space based on the RNA-seq expression data.	Clusterⁱ ID of the expression cluster of the neighboring gene.
RBBP4	RB binding protein 4, chromatin remodeling factor	1.0000	13
TRIM22	Tripartite motif containing 22	1.0000	13
SMARCB1	SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily b, member 1	0.9762	13
RUVBL2	RuvB like AAA ATPase 2	0.9762	13
CNDP2	Carnosine dipeptidase 2	0.9762	13
SNRPB	Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptides B and B1	0.9762	13
SH3TC1	SH3 domain and tetratricopeptide repeats 1	0.9524	13
HMBS	Hydroxymethylbilane synthase	0.9524	13
TMA16	Translation machinery associated 16 homolog	0.9524	13
QARS1	Glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase 1	0.9524	13
ABCB7	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 7	0.9524	13
C5orf15	Chromosome 5 open reading frame 15	0.9524	13
MTCH2	Mitochondrial carrier 2	0.9524	13
PES1	Pescadillo ribosomal biogenesis factor 1	0.9524	13
SEH1L	SEH1 like nucleoporin	0.9524	13