GENERAL INFORMATIONi
Gene namei SPHK1
Synonyms SPHK
Gene descriptioni Sphingosine kinase 1
Protein classi Enzymes
Metabolic proteins
Predicted locationi Intracellular
Protein evidence Evidence at protein level (all genes)
GENE INFORMATIONi
Chromosome 17
Cytoband q25.1
Chromosome location (bp) 76376584 - 76387860
Number of transcriptsi 8
Ensembl ENSG00000176170 (version 109)
Entrez gene 8877
HGNC HGNC:11240
UniProt Q9NYA1 (UniProt - Evidence at protein level)
neXtProt NX_Q9NYA1
GeneCards SPHK1
Antibodypedia SPHK1 antibodies


PROTEIN FUNCTION
Protein function (UniProt)i Catalyzes the phosphorylation of sphingosine to form sphingosine 1-phosphate (SPP), a lipid mediator with both intra- and extracellular functions. Also acts on D-erythro-sphingosine and to a lesser extent sphinganine, but not other lipids, such as D,L-threo-dihydrosphingosine, N,N-dimethylsphingosine, diacylglycerol, ceramide, or phosphatidylinositol 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. In contrast to proapoptotic SPHK2, has a negative effect on intracellular ceramide levels, enhances cell growth and inhibits apoptosis 6. Involved in the regulation of inflammatory response and neuroinflammation. Via the product sphingosine 1-phosphate, stimulates TRAF2 E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, and promotes activation of NF-kappa-B in response to TNF signaling leading to IL17 secretion 7. In response to TNF and in parallel to NF-kappa-B activation, negatively regulates RANTES induction through p38 MAPK signaling pathway 8. Involved in endocytic membrane trafficking induced by sphingosine, recruited to dilate endosomes, also plays a role on later stages of endosomal maturation and membrane fusion independently of its kinase activity 9, 10. In Purkinje cells, seems to be also involved in the regulation of autophagosome-lysosome fusion upon VEGFA 11. show less
Molecular function (UniProt)i Calmodulin-binding, Kinase, Transferase
Biological process (UniProt)i Lipid metabolism
Ligand (UniProt)i ATP-binding, Nucleotide-binding
Gene summary (Entrez)i The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the phosphorylation of sphingosine to form sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a lipid mediator with both intra- and extracellular functions. Intracellularly, S1P regulates proliferation and survival, and extracellularly, it is a ligand for cell surface G protein-coupled receptors. This protein, and its product S1P, play a key role in TNF-alpha signaling and the NF-kappa-B activation pathway important in inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and immune processes. Phosphorylation of this protein alters its catalytic activity and promotes its translocation to the plasma membrane. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2017] show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
Splice variant SwissProt TrEMBL Protein class Gene ontology Length & mass Signal peptide
(predicted)		 Transmembrane regions
(predicted)
SPHK1-201
ENSP00000313681
ENST00000323374
Q9NYA1
[Direct mapping] Sphingosine kinase 1
Show all
Enzymes
   ENZYME proteins
   Transferases
Metabolic proteins
   THUMBUP predicted membrane proteins
   SPOCTOPUS predicted secreted proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
   Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC
Mapped to neXtProt
   neXtProt - Evidence at protein level
Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014)
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000166 [nucleotide binding]
GO:0000287 [magnesium ion binding]
GO:0001727 [lipid kinase activity]
GO:0003376 [sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor signaling pathway]
GO:0003677 [DNA binding]
GO:0005515 [protein binding]
GO:0005516 [calmodulin binding]
GO:0005524 [ATP binding]
GO:0005634 [nucleus]
GO:0005737 [cytoplasm]
GO:0005768 [endosome]
GO:0005829 [cytosol]
GO:0005886 [plasma membrane]
GO:0005905 [clathrin-coated pit]
GO:0006473 [protein acetylation]
GO:0006629 [lipid metabolic process]
GO:0006665 [sphingolipid metabolic process]
GO:0006670 [sphingosine metabolic process]
GO:0008289 [lipid binding]
GO:0008481 [sphinganine kinase activity]
GO:0010008 [endosome membrane]
GO:0010800 [positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation]
GO:0010803 [regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway]
GO:0016020 [membrane]
GO:0016301 [kinase activity]
GO:0016310 [phosphorylation]
GO:0016407 [acetyltransferase activity]
GO:0016740 [transferase activity]
GO:0017050 [D-erythro-sphingosine kinase activity]
GO:0019722 [calcium-mediated signaling]
GO:0030100 [regulation of endocytosis]
GO:0030139 [endocytic vesicle]
GO:0030148 [sphingolipid biosynthetic process]
GO:0030307 [positive regulation of cell growth]
GO:0030335 [positive regulation of cell migration]
GO:0031398 [positive regulation of protein ubiquitination]
GO:0031901 [early endosome membrane]
GO:0032740 [positive regulation of interleukin-17 production]
GO:0034612 [response to tumor necrosis factor]
GO:0035556 [intracellular signal transduction]
GO:0035924 [cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus]
GO:0038036 [sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor activity]
GO:0043066 [negative regulation of apoptotic process]
GO:0043231 [intracellular membrane-bounded organelle]
GO:0045202 [synapse]
GO:0045766 [positive regulation of angiogenesis]
GO:0045931 [positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle]
GO:0045987 [positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction]
GO:0046512 [sphingosine biosynthetic process]
GO:0046521 [sphingoid catabolic process]
GO:0046834 [lipid phosphorylation]
GO:0048146 [positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation]
GO:0050764 [regulation of phagocytosis]
GO:0051092 [positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity]
GO:0051721 [protein phosphatase 2A binding]
GO:0071363 [cellular response to growth factor stimulus]
GO:0098793 [presynapse]
GO:0150077 [regulation of neuroinflammatory response]
GO:1900060 [negative regulation of ceramide biosynthetic process]
GO:1900745 [positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade]
GO:1901224 [positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling]
GO:1903978 [regulation of microglial cell activation]
GO:1905364 [regulation of endosomal vesicle fusion]
Show all
 470 aa
51.1 kDa 		No 0
SPHK1-202
ENSP00000376285
ENST00000392496
Q9NYA1
[Direct mapping] Sphingosine kinase 1
Show all
Q53ZR5
[Target identity:100%; Query identity:100%] Sphingosine kinase 1; Sphingosine kinase 1, isoform CRA_a; cDNA FLJ78254
Show all
Enzymes
   ENZYME proteins
   Transferases
Metabolic proteins
   THUMBUP predicted membrane proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
   Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC
Mapped to neXtProt
   neXtProt - Evidence at protein level
Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014)
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000166 [nucleotide binding]
GO:0000287 [magnesium ion binding]
GO:0001727 [lipid kinase activity]
GO:0003376 [sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor signaling pathway]
GO:0003677 [DNA binding]
GO:0005515 [protein binding]
GO:0005516 [calmodulin binding]
GO:0005524 [ATP binding]
GO:0005634 [nucleus]
GO:0005737 [cytoplasm]
GO:0005768 [endosome]
GO:0005829 [cytosol]
GO:0005886 [plasma membrane]
GO:0005905 [clathrin-coated pit]
GO:0006473 [protein acetylation]
GO:0006629 [lipid metabolic process]
GO:0006665 [sphingolipid metabolic process]
GO:0006670 [sphingosine metabolic process]
GO:0008289 [lipid binding]
GO:0008481 [sphinganine kinase activity]
GO:0010008 [endosome membrane]
GO:0010800 [positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation]
GO:0010803 [regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway]
GO:0016020 [membrane]
GO:0016301 [kinase activity]
GO:0016310 [phosphorylation]
GO:0016407 [acetyltransferase activity]
GO:0016740 [transferase activity]
GO:0017050 [D-erythro-sphingosine kinase activity]
GO:0019722 [calcium-mediated signaling]
GO:0030100 [regulation of endocytosis]
GO:0030139 [endocytic vesicle]
GO:0030148 [sphingolipid biosynthetic process]
GO:0030307 [positive regulation of cell growth]
GO:0030335 [positive regulation of cell migration]
GO:0031398 [positive regulation of protein ubiquitination]
GO:0031901 [early endosome membrane]
GO:0032740 [positive regulation of interleukin-17 production]
GO:0034612 [response to tumor necrosis factor]
GO:0035556 [intracellular signal transduction]
GO:0035924 [cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus]
GO:0038036 [sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor activity]
GO:0043066 [negative regulation of apoptotic process]
GO:0043231 [intracellular membrane-bounded organelle]
GO:0045202 [synapse]
GO:0045766 [positive regulation of angiogenesis]
GO:0045931 [positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle]
GO:0045987 [positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction]
GO:0046512 [sphingosine biosynthetic process]
GO:0046521 [sphingoid catabolic process]
GO:0046834 [lipid phosphorylation]
GO:0048146 [positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation]
GO:0050764 [regulation of phagocytosis]
GO:0051092 [positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity]
GO:0051721 [protein phosphatase 2A binding]
GO:0071363 [cellular response to growth factor stimulus]
GO:0098793 [presynapse]
GO:0150077 [regulation of neuroinflammatory response]
GO:1900060 [negative regulation of ceramide biosynthetic process]
GO:1900745 [positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade]
GO:1901224 [positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling]
GO:1903978 [regulation of microglial cell activation]
GO:1905364 [regulation of endosomal vesicle fusion]
Show all
 384 aa
42.5 kDa 		No 0
SPHK1-203
ENSP00000440970
ENST00000545180
Q9NYA1
[Direct mapping] Sphingosine kinase 1
Show all
Q53ZR5
[Target identity:100%; Query identity:100%] Sphingosine kinase 1; Sphingosine kinase 1, isoform CRA_a; cDNA FLJ78254
Show all
Enzymes
   ENZYME proteins
   Transferases
Metabolic proteins
   THUMBUP predicted membrane proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
   Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC
Mapped to neXtProt
   neXtProt - Evidence at protein level
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000166 [nucleotide binding]
GO:0000287 [magnesium ion binding]
GO:0001727 [lipid kinase activity]
GO:0003376 [sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor signaling pathway]
GO:0003677 [DNA binding]
GO:0005515 [protein binding]
GO:0005516 [calmodulin binding]
GO:0005524 [ATP binding]
GO:0005634 [nucleus]
GO:0005737 [cytoplasm]
GO:0005768 [endosome]
GO:0005829 [cytosol]
GO:0005886 [plasma membrane]
GO:0005905 [clathrin-coated pit]
GO:0006473 [protein acetylation]
GO:0006629 [lipid metabolic process]
GO:0006665 [sphingolipid metabolic process]
GO:0006670 [sphingosine metabolic process]
GO:0008289 [lipid binding]
GO:0008481 [sphinganine kinase activity]
GO:0010008 [endosome membrane]
GO:0010800 [positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation]
GO:0010803 [regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway]
GO:0016020 [membrane]
GO:0016301 [kinase activity]
GO:0016310 [phosphorylation]
GO:0016407 [acetyltransferase activity]
GO:0016740 [transferase activity]
GO:0017050 [D-erythro-sphingosine kinase activity]
GO:0019722 [calcium-mediated signaling]
GO:0030100 [regulation of endocytosis]
GO:0030139 [endocytic vesicle]
GO:0030148 [sphingolipid biosynthetic process]
GO:0030307 [positive regulation of cell growth]
GO:0030335 [positive regulation of cell migration]
GO:0031398 [positive regulation of protein ubiquitination]
GO:0031901 [early endosome membrane]
GO:0032740 [positive regulation of interleukin-17 production]
GO:0034612 [response to tumor necrosis factor]
GO:0035556 [intracellular signal transduction]
GO:0035924 [cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus]
GO:0038036 [sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor activity]
GO:0043066 [negative regulation of apoptotic process]
GO:0043231 [intracellular membrane-bounded organelle]
GO:0045202 [synapse]
GO:0045766 [positive regulation of angiogenesis]
GO:0045931 [positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle]
GO:0045987 [positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction]
GO:0046512 [sphingosine biosynthetic process]
GO:0046521 [sphingoid catabolic process]
GO:0046834 [lipid phosphorylation]
GO:0048146 [positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation]
GO:0050764 [regulation of phagocytosis]
GO:0051092 [positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity]
GO:0051721 [protein phosphatase 2A binding]
GO:0071363 [cellular response to growth factor stimulus]
GO:0098793 [presynapse]
GO:0150077 [regulation of neuroinflammatory response]
GO:1900060 [negative regulation of ceramide biosynthetic process]
GO:1900745 [positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade]
GO:1901224 [positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling]
GO:1903978 [regulation of microglial cell activation]
GO:1905364 [regulation of endosomal vesicle fusion]
Show all
 384 aa
42.5 kDa 		No 0
SPHK1-205
ENSP00000466422
ENST00000588682
K7EMA4
[Direct mapping] Sphingosine kinase 1
Show all
Metabolic proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
   Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0016301 [kinase activity]
Show all
 152 aa
16.7 kDa 		No 0
SPHK1-206
ENSP00000465002
ENST00000590379
K7EJ32
[Direct mapping] Sphingosine kinase 1
Show all
Metabolic proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
   Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0016301 [kinase activity]
Show all
 111 aa
12.3 kDa 		No 0
SPHK1-207
ENSP00000468547
ENST00000590959
Q9NYA1
[Direct mapping] Sphingosine kinase 1
Show all
Enzymes
   ENZYME proteins
   Transferases
Metabolic proteins
   THUMBUP predicted membrane proteins
   SPOCTOPUS predicted secreted proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
   Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC
Mapped to neXtProt
   neXtProt - Evidence at protein level
Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014)
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000166 [nucleotide binding]
GO:0000287 [magnesium ion binding]
GO:0001727 [lipid kinase activity]
GO:0003376 [sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor signaling pathway]
GO:0003677 [DNA binding]
GO:0005515 [protein binding]
GO:0005516 [calmodulin binding]
GO:0005524 [ATP binding]
GO:0005634 [nucleus]
GO:0005737 [cytoplasm]
GO:0005768 [endosome]
GO:0005829 [cytosol]
GO:0005886 [plasma membrane]
GO:0005905 [clathrin-coated pit]
GO:0006473 [protein acetylation]
GO:0006629 [lipid metabolic process]
GO:0006665 [sphingolipid metabolic process]
GO:0006670 [sphingosine metabolic process]
GO:0008289 [lipid binding]
GO:0008481 [sphinganine kinase activity]
GO:0010008 [endosome membrane]
GO:0010800 [positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation]
GO:0010803 [regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway]
GO:0016020 [membrane]
GO:0016301 [kinase activity]
GO:0016310 [phosphorylation]
GO:0016407 [acetyltransferase activity]
GO:0016740 [transferase activity]
GO:0017050 [D-erythro-sphingosine kinase activity]
GO:0019722 [calcium-mediated signaling]
GO:0030100 [regulation of endocytosis]
GO:0030139 [endocytic vesicle]
GO:0030148 [sphingolipid biosynthetic process]
GO:0030307 [positive regulation of cell growth]
GO:0030335 [positive regulation of cell migration]
GO:0031398 [positive regulation of protein ubiquitination]
GO:0031901 [early endosome membrane]
GO:0032740 [positive regulation of interleukin-17 production]
GO:0034612 [response to tumor necrosis factor]
GO:0035556 [intracellular signal transduction]
GO:0035924 [cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus]
GO:0038036 [sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor activity]
GO:0043066 [negative regulation of apoptotic process]
GO:0043231 [intracellular membrane-bounded organelle]
GO:0045202 [synapse]
GO:0045766 [positive regulation of angiogenesis]
GO:0045931 [positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle]
GO:0045987 [positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction]
GO:0046512 [sphingosine biosynthetic process]
GO:0046521 [sphingoid catabolic process]
GO:0046834 [lipid phosphorylation]
GO:0048146 [positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation]
GO:0050764 [regulation of phagocytosis]
GO:0051092 [positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity]
GO:0051721 [protein phosphatase 2A binding]
GO:0071363 [cellular response to growth factor stimulus]
GO:0098793 [presynapse]
GO:0150077 [regulation of neuroinflammatory response]
GO:1900060 [negative regulation of ceramide biosynthetic process]
GO:1900745 [positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade]
GO:1901224 [positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling]
GO:1903978 [regulation of microglial cell activation]
GO:1905364 [regulation of endosomal vesicle fusion]
Show all
 398 aa
43.9 kDa 		No 0
SPHK1-208
ENSP00000468474
ENST00000591651
Metabolic proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
   Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
 5 aa
0.5 kDa 		No 0
SPHK1-210
ENSP00000465726
ENST00000592299
Q9NYA1
[Direct mapping] Sphingosine kinase 1
Show all
Q53ZR5
[Target identity:100%; Query identity:100%] Sphingosine kinase 1; Sphingosine kinase 1, isoform CRA_a; cDNA FLJ78254
Show all
Enzymes
   ENZYME proteins
   Transferases
Metabolic proteins
   THUMBUP predicted membrane proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
   Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC
Mapped to neXtProt
   neXtProt - Evidence at protein level
Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014)
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000166 [nucleotide binding]
GO:0000287 [magnesium ion binding]
GO:0001568 [blood vessel development]
GO:0001727 [lipid kinase activity]
GO:0003376 [sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor signaling pathway]
GO:0003677 [DNA binding]
GO:0005515 [protein binding]
GO:0005516 [calmodulin binding]
GO:0005524 [ATP binding]
GO:0005634 [nucleus]
GO:0005737 [cytoplasm]
GO:0005768 [endosome]
GO:0005829 [cytosol]
GO:0005886 [plasma membrane]
GO:0005905 [clathrin-coated pit]
GO:0006473 [protein acetylation]
GO:0006629 [lipid metabolic process]
GO:0006665 [sphingolipid metabolic process]
GO:0006670 [sphingosine metabolic process]
GO:0006954 [inflammatory response]
GO:0007420 [brain development]
GO:0008283 [cell population proliferation]
GO:0008284 [positive regulation of cell population proliferation]
GO:0008289 [lipid binding]
GO:0008481 [sphinganine kinase activity]
GO:0010008 [endosome membrane]
GO:0010800 [positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation]
GO:0010803 [regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway]
GO:0016020 [membrane]
GO:0016301 [kinase activity]
GO:0016310 [phosphorylation]
GO:0016407 [acetyltransferase activity]
GO:0016740 [transferase activity]
GO:0017050 [D-erythro-sphingosine kinase activity]
GO:0019722 [calcium-mediated signaling]
GO:0030100 [regulation of endocytosis]
GO:0030139 [endocytic vesicle]
GO:0030148 [sphingolipid biosynthetic process]
GO:0030307 [positive regulation of cell growth]
GO:0030335 [positive regulation of cell migration]
GO:0031398 [positive regulation of protein ubiquitination]
GO:0031901 [early endosome membrane]
GO:0032651 [regulation of interleukin-1 beta production]
GO:0032740 [positive regulation of interleukin-17 production]
GO:0034612 [response to tumor necrosis factor]
GO:0035556 [intracellular signal transduction]
GO:0035924 [cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus]
GO:0038036 [sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor activity]
GO:0043066 [negative regulation of apoptotic process]
GO:0043231 [intracellular membrane-bounded organelle]
GO:0045202 [synapse]
GO:0045766 [positive regulation of angiogenesis]
GO:0045840 [positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division]
GO:0045931 [positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle]
GO:0045987 [positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction]
GO:0046512 [sphingosine biosynthetic process]
GO:0046521 [sphingoid catabolic process]
GO:0046834 [lipid phosphorylation]
GO:0048146 [positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation]
GO:0050764 [regulation of phagocytosis]
GO:0051092 [positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity]
GO:0051721 [protein phosphatase 2A binding]
GO:0070301 [cellular response to hydrogen peroxide]
GO:0071363 [cellular response to growth factor stimulus]
GO:0071897 [DNA biosynthetic process]
GO:0090520 [sphingolipid mediated signaling pathway]
GO:0098793 [presynapse]
GO:0150077 [regulation of neuroinflammatory response]
GO:1900060 [negative regulation of ceramide biosynthetic process]
GO:1900745 [positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade]
GO:1901224 [positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling]
GO:1903978 [regulation of microglial cell activation]
GO:1905364 [regulation of endosomal vesicle fusion]
Show all
 384 aa
42.5 kDa 		No 0

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