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General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene namei
Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.
Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).
Disease related genes Enzymes Human disease related genes Metabolic proteins Potential drug targets RAS pathway related proteins
Predicted locationi
All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.
Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).
The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Chromosome
22
Cytoband
q13.1
Chromosome location (bp)
38111495 - 38214778
Number of transcriptsi
Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.
Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.
Calcium-independent phospholipase involved in phospholipid remodeling with implications in cellular membrane homeostasis, mitochondrial integrity and signal transduction. Hydrolyzes the ester bond of the fatty acyl group attached at sn-1 or sn-2 position of phospholipids (phospholipase A1 and A2 activity respectively), producing lysophospholipids that are used in deacylation-reacylation cycles 1,2,3,4. Hydrolyzes both saturated and unsaturated long fatty acyl chains in various glycerophospholipid classes such as phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidates, with a preference for hydrolysis at sn-2 position 5,6,7. Can further hydrolyze lysophospholipids carrying saturated fatty acyl chains (lysophospholipase activity) 8. Upon oxidative stress, contributes to remodeling of mitochondrial phospholipids in pancreatic beta cells, in a repair mechanism to reduce oxidized lipid content 9. Preferentially hydrolyzes oxidized polyunsaturated fatty acyl chains from cardiolipins, yielding monolysocardiolipins that can be reacylated with unoxidized fatty acyls to regenerate native cardiolipin species (By similarity). Hydrolyzes oxidized glycerophosphoethanolamines present in pancreatic islets, releasing oxidized polyunsaturated fatty acids such as hydroxyeicosatetraenoates (HETEs) (By similarity). Has thioesterase activity toward fatty-acyl CoA releasing CoA-SH known to facilitate fatty acid transport and beta-oxidation in mitochondria particularly in skeletal muscle 10. Plays a role in regulation of membrane dynamics and homeostasis. Selectively hydrolyzes sn-2 arachidonoyl group in plasmalogen phospholipids, structural components of lipid rafts and myelin (By similarity). Regulates F-actin polymerization at the pseudopods, which is required for both speed and directionality of MCP1/CCL2-induced monocyte chemotaxis 11. Targets membrane phospholipids to produce potent lipid signaling messengers. Generates lysophosphatidate (LPA, 1-acyl-glycerol-3-phosphate), which acts via G-protein receptors in various cell types (By similarity). Has phospholipase A2 activity toward platelet-activating factor (PAF, 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine), likely playing a role in inactivation of this potent pro-inflammatory signaling lipid (By similarity). In response to glucose, amplifies calcium influx in pancreatic beta cells to promote INS secretion (By similarity)....show less
Molecular function (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.
Calmodulin-binding, Hydrolase
Biological process (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they are involved in a particular biological process.
The protein encoded by this gene is an A2 phospholipase, a class of enzyme that catalyzes the release of fatty acids from phospholipids. The encoded protein may play a role in phospholipid remodelling, arachidonic acid release, leukotriene and prostaglandin synthesis, fas-mediated apoptosis, and transmembrane ion flux in glucose-stimulated B-cells. Several transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been described, but the full-length nature of only three of them have been determined to date. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]...show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The Splice variant identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the Swissprot and TrEMBL columns links to corresponding pages in the UniProt database.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide and number of predicted transmembrane region(s) according to in-house majority decision methods based on sets of predictors are also reported.
Enzymes ENZYME proteins Hydrolases Metabolic proteins Predicted membrane proteins Prediction method-based Membrane proteins predicted by MDM MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins Phobius predicted membrane proteins SCAMPI predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins # TM segments-based 1TM proteins predicted by MDM RAS pathway related proteins Disease related genes Potential drug targets Human disease related genes Nervous system diseases Neurodegenerative diseases Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0001934[positive regulation of protein phosphorylation] GO:0003824[catalytic activity] GO:0003847[1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine esterase activity] GO:0004622[lysophospholipase activity] GO:0004623[phospholipase A2 activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005516[calmodulin binding] GO:0005615[extracellular space] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005739[mitochondrion] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0005886[plasma membrane] GO:0006629[lipid metabolic process] GO:0006935[chemotaxis] GO:0007204[positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration] GO:0007613[memory] GO:0014832[urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction] GO:0016020[membrane] GO:0016290[palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase activity] GO:0016787[hydrolase activity] GO:0017171[serine hydrolase activity] GO:0019731[antibacterial humoral response] GO:0019901[protein kinase binding] GO:0031143[pseudopodium] GO:0032049[cardiolipin biosynthetic process] GO:0034451[centriolar satellite] GO:0034638[phosphatidylcholine catabolic process] GO:0034976[response to endoplasmic reticulum stress] GO:0035774[positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus] GO:0035965[cardiolipin acyl-chain remodeling] GO:0038096[Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis] GO:0042311[vasodilation] GO:0042802[identical protein binding] GO:0042995[cell projection] GO:0043008[ATP-dependent protein binding] GO:0045921[positive regulation of exocytosis] GO:0046338[phosphatidylethanolamine catabolic process] GO:0046469[platelet activating factor metabolic process] GO:0046473[phosphatidic acid metabolic process] GO:0047499[calcium-independent phospholipase A2 activity] GO:0051967[negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic] GO:0060135[maternal process involved in female pregnancy] GO:0090037[positive regulation of protein kinase C signaling] GO:0090200[positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria] GO:0090238[positive regulation of arachidonic acid secretion] GO:0102545[phosphatidyl phospholipase B activity] GO:0102991[myristoyl-CoA hydrolase activity] GO:1901339[regulation of store-operated calcium channel activity] GO:2000304[positive regulation of ceramide biosynthetic process]
Enzymes ENZYME proteins Hydrolases Metabolic proteins Predicted membrane proteins Prediction method-based Membrane proteins predicted by MDM MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins Phobius predicted membrane proteins SCAMPI predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins # TM segments-based 1TM proteins predicted by MDM RAS pathway related proteins Disease related genes Potential drug targets Human disease related genes Nervous system diseases Neurodegenerative diseases Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Enzymes ENZYME proteins Hydrolases Metabolic proteins Predicted membrane proteins Prediction method-based Membrane proteins predicted by MDM MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins Phobius predicted membrane proteins SCAMPI predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins # TM segments-based 1TM proteins predicted by MDM RAS pathway related proteins Disease related genes Potential drug targets Human disease related genes Nervous system diseases Neurodegenerative diseases Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Metabolic proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC RAS pathway related proteins Human disease related genes Nervous system diseases Neurodegenerative diseases Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Metabolic proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC RAS pathway related proteins Human disease related genes Nervous system diseases Neurodegenerative diseases Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Metabolic proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC RAS pathway related proteins Human disease related genes Nervous system diseases Neurodegenerative diseases Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Metabolic proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC RAS pathway related proteins Human disease related genes Nervous system diseases Neurodegenerative diseases Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Metabolic proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC RAS pathway related proteins Human disease related genes Nervous system diseases Neurodegenerative diseases Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
