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General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene namei
Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.
Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).
Disease related genes Enzymes Human disease related genes Metabolic proteins Plasma proteins Potential drug targets
Predicted locationi
All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.
Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).
The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Chromosome
22
Cytoband
q11.21
Chromosome location (bp)
19875517 - 19941820
Number of transcriptsi
Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.
Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.
Involved in the control of reactive oxygen species levels and the regulation of mitochondrial redox homeostasis 1. Maintains thioredoxin in a reduced state. May play a role in redox-regulated cell signaling....show less
Molecular function (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.
Oxidoreductase
Ligand (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they bind, are associated with, or whose activity is dependent of some molecule.
FAD, Flavoprotein, NADP
Gene summary (Entrez)i
Useful information about the gene from Entrez
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family, and is a member of the thioredoxin (Trx) system. Three thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) isozymes are found in mammals. TrxRs are selenocysteine-containing flavoenzymes, which reduce thioredoxins, as well as other substrates, and play a key role in redox homoeostasis. This gene encodes a mitochondrial form important for scavenging reactive oxygen species in mitochondria. It functions as a homodimer containing FAD, and selenocysteine (Sec) at the active site. Sec is encoded by UGA codon that normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTRs of selenoprotein mRNAs contain a conserved stem-loop structure, the Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element, which is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon rather than as a stop signal. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms, including a few localized in the cytosol and some lacking the C-terminal Sec residue, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2017]...show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The Splice variant identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the Swissprot and TrEMBL columns links to corresponding pages in the UniProt database.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide and number of predicted transmembrane region(s) according to in-house majority decision methods based on sets of predictors are also reported.
Metabolic proteins MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Human disease related genes Endocrine and metabolic diseases Adrenal gland diseases Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0016491[oxidoreductase activity] GO:0016668[oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, NAD(P) as acceptor] GO:0045454[cell redox homeostasis] GO:0050660[flavin adenine dinucleotide binding]
Metabolic proteins MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Human disease related genes Endocrine and metabolic diseases Adrenal gland diseases Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000166[nucleotide binding] GO:0004791[thioredoxin-disulfide reductase activity] GO:0005739[mitochondrion] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0006979[response to oxidative stress] GO:0010035[response to inorganic substance] GO:0016491[oxidoreductase activity] GO:0016668[oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, NAD(P) as acceptor] GO:0045454[cell redox homeostasis] GO:0050660[flavin adenine dinucleotide binding] GO:0098869[cellular oxidant detoxification]
Metabolic proteins MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Human disease related genes Endocrine and metabolic diseases Adrenal gland diseases Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000166[nucleotide binding] GO:0004791[thioredoxin-disulfide reductase activity] GO:0005739[mitochondrion] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0006979[response to oxidative stress] GO:0010035[response to inorganic substance] GO:0016491[oxidoreductase activity] GO:0016668[oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, NAD(P) as acceptor] GO:0045454[cell redox homeostasis] GO:0050660[flavin adenine dinucleotide binding] GO:0098869[cellular oxidant detoxification]
Enzymes ENZYME proteins Oxidoreductases Metabolic proteins MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Plasma proteins Disease related genes Potential drug targets Human disease related genes Endocrine and metabolic diseases Adrenal gland diseases Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Metabolic proteins MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Human disease related genes Endocrine and metabolic diseases Adrenal gland diseases Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000166[nucleotide binding] GO:0004791[thioredoxin-disulfide reductase activity] GO:0005739[mitochondrion] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0006979[response to oxidative stress] GO:0010035[response to inorganic substance] GO:0016491[oxidoreductase activity] GO:0016668[oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, NAD(P) as acceptor] GO:0045454[cell redox homeostasis] GO:0050660[flavin adenine dinucleotide binding] GO:0098869[cellular oxidant detoxification]
Metabolic proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Human disease related genes Endocrine and metabolic diseases Adrenal gland diseases Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Metabolic proteins MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Human disease related genes Endocrine and metabolic diseases Adrenal gland diseases Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Metabolic proteins MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Human disease related genes Endocrine and metabolic diseases Adrenal gland diseases Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0016491[oxidoreductase activity] GO:0016668[oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, NAD(P) as acceptor] GO:0045454[cell redox homeostasis] GO:0050660[flavin adenine dinucleotide binding]
Enzymes ENZYME proteins Oxidoreductases Metabolic proteins MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Plasma proteins Disease related genes Potential drug targets Human disease related genes Endocrine and metabolic diseases Adrenal gland diseases Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000305[response to oxygen radical] GO:0004791[thioredoxin-disulfide reductase activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005739[mitochondrion] GO:0005759[mitochondrial matrix] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0006979[response to oxidative stress] GO:0010035[response to inorganic substance] GO:0016491[oxidoreductase activity] GO:0016668[oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, NAD(P) as acceptor] GO:0042803[protein homodimerization activity] GO:0045454[cell redox homeostasis] GO:0050660[flavin adenine dinucleotide binding] GO:0098869[cellular oxidant detoxification]
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
