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General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene namei
Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.
Stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1
Protein classi
Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).
Disease related genes Human disease related genes Potential drug targets Transporters
Predicted locationi
All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.
Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).
The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Chromosome
5
Cytoband
q31.2
Chromosome location (bp)
139475533 - 139482935
Number of transcriptsi
Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.
Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.
Facilitator of innate immune signaling that acts as a sensor of cytosolic DNA from bacteria and viruses and promotes the production of type I interferon (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14. Innate immune response is triggered in response to non-CpG double-stranded DNA from viruses and bacteria delivered to the cytoplasm 15. Acts by binding cyclic dinucleotides: recognizes and binds cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP), a second messenger produced by bacteria, cyclic UMP-AMP (2',3'-cUAMP), and cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), a messenger produced by CGAS in response to DNA virus in the cytosol 16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25. Upon binding to c-di-GMP, cUAMP or cGAMP, STING1 oligomerizes, translocates from the endoplasmic reticulum and is phosphorylated by TBK1 on the pLxIS motif, leading to recruitment and subsequent activation of the transcription factor IRF3 to induce expression of type I interferon and exert a potent anti-viral state 26,27,28,29,30,31. Exhibits 2',3' phosphodiester linkage-specific ligand recognition: can bind both 2'-3' linked cGAMP (2'-3'-cGAMP) and 3'-3' linked cGAMP but is preferentially activated by 2'-3' linked cGAMP 32,33,34. The preference for 2'-3'-cGAMP, compared to other linkage isomers is probably due to the ligand itself, whichs adopts an organized free-ligand conformation that resembles the STING1-bound conformation and pays low energy costs in changing into the active conformation 35. In addition to promote the production of type I interferons, plays a direct role in autophagy 36,37. Following cGAMP-binding, STING1 buds from the endoplasmic reticulum into COPII vesicles, which then form the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) 38. The ERGIC serves as the membrane source for WIPI2 recruitment and LC3 lipidation, leading to formation of autophagosomes that target cytosolic DNA or DNA viruses for degradation by the lysosome 39. Promotes autophagy by acting as a proton channel that directs proton efflux from the Golgi to facilitate MAP1LC3B/LC3B lipidation 40. The autophagy- and interferon-inducing activities can be uncoupled and autophagy induction is independent of TBK1 phosphorylation 41,42. Autophagy is also triggered upon infection by bacteria: following c-di-GMP-binding, which is produced by live Gram-positive bacteria, promotes reticulophagy (By similarity). May be involved in translocon function, the translocon possibly being able to influence the induction of type I interferons 43. May be involved in transduction of apoptotic signals via its association with the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) (By similarity)....show less
Molecular function (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.
Ion channel
Biological process (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they are involved in a particular biological process.
Autophagy, Host-virus interaction, Immunity, Innate immunity, Ion transport, Transport
Ligand (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they bind, are associated with, or whose activity is dependent of some molecule.
Nucleotide-binding
Gene summary (Entrez)i
Useful information about the gene from Entrez
This gene encodes a five transmembrane protein that functions as a major regulator of the innate immune response to viral and bacterial infections. The encoded protein is a pattern recognition receptor that detects cytosolic nucleic acids and transmits signals that activate type I interferon responses. The encoded protein has also been shown to play a role in apoptotic signaling by associating with type II major histocompatibility complex. Mutations in this gene are the cause of infantile-onset STING-associated vasculopathy. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]...show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The Splice variant identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the Swissprot and TrEMBL columns links to corresponding pages in the UniProt database.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide and number of predicted transmembrane region(s) according to in-house majority decision methods based on sets of predictors are also reported.
Q86WV6 [Direct mapping] Stimulator of interferon genes protein
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Transporters Predicted membrane proteins Prediction method-based Membrane proteins predicted by MDM MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins MEMSAT-SVM predicted membrane proteins Phobius predicted membrane proteins SCAMPI predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins THUMBUP predicted membrane proteins # TM segments-based 3TM proteins predicted by MDM Disease related genes Potential drug targets Human disease related genes Immune system diseases Other immune system diseases Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014) DeepTMHMM predicted membrane proteins
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GO:0000045[autophagosome assembly] GO:0000139[Golgi membrane] GO:0000166[nucleotide binding] GO:0000421[autophagosome membrane] GO:0002218[activation of innate immune response] GO:0002230[positive regulation of defense response to virus by host] GO:0002376[immune system process] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005654[nucleoplasm] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005739[mitochondrion] GO:0005741[mitochondrial outer membrane] GO:0005768[endosome] GO:0005776[autophagosome] GO:0005777[peroxisome] GO:0005783[endoplasmic reticulum] GO:0005789[endoplasmic reticulum membrane] GO:0005794[Golgi apparatus] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0005886[plasma membrane] GO:0006914[autophagy] GO:0010468[regulation of gene expression] GO:0016020[membrane] GO:0016239[positive regulation of macroautophagy] GO:0019901[protein kinase binding] GO:0030659[cytoplasmic vesicle membrane] GO:0030667[secretory granule membrane] GO:0031410[cytoplasmic vesicle] GO:0031625[ubiquitin protein ligase binding] GO:0032092[positive regulation of protein binding] GO:0032481[positive regulation of type I interferon production] GO:0032728[positive regulation of interferon-beta production] GO:0033116[endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane] GO:0035438[cyclic-di-GMP binding] GO:0035458[cellular response to interferon-beta] GO:0042802[identical protein binding] GO:0042803[protein homodimerization activity] GO:0045087[innate immune response] GO:0045944[positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II] GO:0048471[perinuclear region of cytoplasm] GO:0050727[regulation of inflammatory response] GO:0051091[positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity] GO:0051259[protein complex oligomerization] GO:0051607[defense response to virus] GO:0060340[positive regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0061507[2',3'-cyclic GMP-AMP binding] GO:0061629[RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding] GO:0061709[reticulophagy] GO:0071360[cellular response to exogenous dsRNA] GO:0071407[cellular response to organic cyclic compound] GO:1902554[serine/threonine protein kinase complex] GO:1990231[STING complex]
A0A494C0W5 [Direct mapping] Stimulator of interferon genes protein
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SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Secreted proteins predicted by MDSEC Phobius predicted secreted proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted secreted proteins DeepSig predicted secreted proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Human disease related genes Immune system diseases Other immune system diseases Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
A0A494C0T1 [Direct mapping] Stimulator of interferon genes protein
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SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Secreted proteins predicted by MDSEC Phobius predicted secreted proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted secreted proteins DeepSig predicted secreted proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Human disease related genes Immune system diseases Other immune system diseases Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0000166[nucleotide binding] GO:0002218[activation of innate immune response] GO:0005654[nucleoplasm] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0032481[positive regulation of type I interferon production] GO:0033116[endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane]
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
