GENERAL INFORMATIONi
Gene namei PRKN
Synonyms AR-JP, PARK2, parkin, PDJ
Gene descriptioni Parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase
Protein classi Disease related genes
Enzymes
Human disease related genes
Metabolic proteins
Potential drug targets
Transporters
Predicted locationi Intracellular
Protein evidence Evidence at protein level (all genes)
GENE INFORMATIONi
Chromosome 6
Cytoband q26
Chromosome location (bp) 161347417 - 162727775
Number of transcriptsi 7
Ensembl ENSG00000185345 (version 109)
Entrez gene 5071
HGNC HGNC:8607
UniProt O60260 (UniProt - Evidence at protein level)
neXtProt NX_O60260
GeneCards PRKN
Antibodypedia PRKN antibodies


PROTEIN FUNCTION
Protein function (UniProt)i Functions within a multiprotein E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, catalyzing the covalent attachment of ubiquitin moieties onto substrate proteins 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. Substrates include SYT11 and VDAC1 17, 18. Other substrates are BCL2, CCNE1, GPR37, RHOT1/MIRO1, MFN1, MFN2, STUB1, SNCAIP, SEPTIN5, TOMM20, USP30, ZNF746, MIRO1 and AIMP2 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32. Mediates monoubiquitination as well as 'Lys-6', 'Lys-11', 'Lys-48'-linked and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of substrates depending on the context 33, 34, 35, 36, 37. Participates in the removal and/or detoxification of abnormally folded or damaged protein by mediating 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of misfolded proteins such as PARK7: 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitinated misfolded proteins are then recognized by HDAC6, leading to their recruitment to aggresomes, followed by degradation 38, 39. Mediates 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of a 22 kDa O-linked glycosylated isoform of SNCAIP, possibly playing a role in Lewy-body formation 40, 41, 42, 43, 44. Mediates monoubiquitination of BCL2, thereby acting as a positive regulator of autophagy 45. Protects against mitochondrial dysfunction during cellular stress, by acting downstream of PINK1 to coordinate mitochondrial quality control mechanisms that remove and replace dysfunctional mitochondrial components 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60. Depending on the severity of mitochondrial damage and/or dysfunction, activity ranges from preventing apoptosis and stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis to regulating mitochondrial dynamics and eliminating severely damaged mitochondria via mitophagy 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74. Activation and recruitment onto the outer membrane of damaged/dysfunctional mitochondria (OMM) requires PINK1-mediated phosphorylation of both PRKN and ubiquitin 75, 76, 77, 78. After mitochondrial damage, functions with PINK1 to mediate the decision between mitophagy or preventing apoptosis by inducing either the poly-or monoubiquitination of VDAC1, respectively; polyubiquitination of VDAC1 promotes mitophagy, while monoubiquitination of VDAC1 decreases mitochondrial calcium influx which ultimately inhibits apoptosis 79, 80. When cellular stress results in irreversible mitochondrial damage, promotes the autophagic degradation of dysfunctional depolarized mitochondria (mitophagy) by promoting the ubiquitination of mitochondrial proteins such as TOMM20, RHOT1/MIRO1, MFN1 and USP30 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89. Preferentially assembles 'Lys-6'-, 'Lys-11'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains, leading to mitophagy 90, 91. The PINK1-PRKN pathway also promotes fission of damaged mitochondria by PINK1-mediated phosphorylation which promotes the PRKN-dependent degradation of mitochondrial proteins involved in fission such as MFN2 92. This prevents the refusion of unhealthy mitochondria with the mitochondrial network or initiates mitochondrial fragmentation facilitating their later engulfment by autophagosomes 93. Regulates motility of damaged mitochondria via the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of MIRO1 and MIRO2; in motor neurons, this likely inhibits mitochondrial intracellular anterograde transport along the axons which probably increases the chance of the mitochondria undergoing mitophagy in the soma 94. Involved in mitochondrial biogenesis via the 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitination of transcriptional repressor ZNF746/PARIS which leads to its subsequent proteasomal degradation and allows activation of the transcription factor PPARGC1A 95. Limits the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) 96. Regulates cyclin-E during neuronal apoptosis 97. In collaboration with CHPF isoform 2, may enhance cell viability and protect cells from oxidative stress 98. Independently of its ubiquitin ligase activity, protects from apoptosis by the transcriptional repression of p53/TP53 99. May protect neurons against alpha synuclein toxicity, proteasomal dysfunction, GPR37 accumulation, and kainate-induced excitotoxicity 100. May play a role in controlling neurotransmitter trafficking at the presynaptic terminal and in calcium-dependent exocytosis. May represent a tumor suppressor gene 101. show less
Molecular function (UniProt)i Transferase
Biological process (UniProt)i Autophagy, Transcription, Transcription regulation, Ubl conjugation pathway
Ligand (UniProt)i Metal-binding, Zinc
Gene summary (Entrez)i The precise function of this gene is unknown; however, the encoded protein is a component of a multiprotein E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that mediates the targeting of substrate proteins for proteasomal degradation. Mutations in this gene are known to cause Parkinson disease and autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinson disease. Alternative splicing of this gene produces multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. Additional splice variants of this gene have been described but currently lack transcript support. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
Splice variant SwissProt TrEMBL Protein class Gene ontology Length & mass Signal peptide
(predicted)		 Transmembrane regions
(predicted)
PRKN-202
ENSP00000355858
ENST00000366892
B1AKC3
[Direct mapping] RBR-type E3 ubiquitin transferase
Show all
Metabolic proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
   Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC
Human disease related genes
   Cancers
   Cancers of the breast and female genital organs
   Nervous system diseases
   Neurodegenerative diseases
Show all
GO:0004842 [ubiquitin-protein transferase activity]
GO:0005515 [protein binding]
GO:0005739 [mitochondrion]
GO:0005829 [cytosol]
GO:0006914 [autophagy]
GO:0016567 [protein ubiquitination]
GO:0016740 [transferase activity]
GO:0016874 [ligase activity]
GO:0046872 [metal ion binding]
Show all
 368 aa
40.5 kDa 		No 0
PRKN-204
ENSP00000355862
ENST00000366896
O60260
[Direct mapping] E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin
Show all
Enzymes
   ENZYME proteins
   Transferases
Metabolic proteins
Transporters
   Accessory Factors Involved in Transport
Predicted intracellular proteins
   Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC
Disease related genes
Potential drug targets
Human disease related genes
   Cancers
   Cancers of the breast and female genital organs
   Nervous system diseases
   Neurodegenerative diseases
Mapped to neXtProt
   neXtProt - Evidence at protein level
Show all
GO:0000122 [negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II]
GO:0000151 [ubiquitin ligase complex]
GO:0000209 [protein polyubiquitination]
GO:0000266 [mitochondrial fission]
GO:0000422 [autophagy of mitochondrion]
GO:0000423 [mitophagy]
GO:0001664 [G protein-coupled receptor binding]
GO:0001933 [negative regulation of protein phosphorylation]
GO:0003714 [transcription corepressor activity]
GO:0003779 [actin binding]
GO:0004842 [ubiquitin-protein transferase activity]
GO:0005515 [protein binding]
GO:0005634 [nucleus]
GO:0005737 [cytoplasm]
GO:0005739 [mitochondrion]
GO:0005741 [mitochondrial outer membrane]
GO:0005783 [endoplasmic reticulum]
GO:0005794 [Golgi apparatus]
GO:0005829 [cytosol]
GO:0006511 [ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process]
GO:0006513 [protein monoubiquitination]
GO:0006914 [autophagy]
GO:0006979 [response to oxidative stress]
GO:0007005 [mitochondrion organization]
GO:0007417 [central nervous system development]
GO:0008013 [beta-catenin binding]
GO:0008270 [zinc ion binding]
GO:0008344 [adult locomotory behavior]
GO:0010498 [proteasomal protein catabolic process]
GO:0010506 [regulation of autophagy]
GO:0010628 [positive regulation of gene expression]
GO:0010629 [negative regulation of gene expression]
GO:0010636 [positive regulation of mitochondrial fusion]
GO:0010637 [negative regulation of mitochondrial fusion]
GO:0010821 [regulation of mitochondrion organization]
GO:0010906 [regulation of glucose metabolic process]
GO:0010994 [free ubiquitin chain polymerization]
GO:0014059 [regulation of dopamine secretion]
GO:0014069 [postsynaptic density]
GO:0015631 [tubulin binding]
GO:0016020 [membrane]
GO:0016235 [aggresome]
GO:0016236 [macroautophagy]
GO:0016567 [protein ubiquitination]
GO:0016579 [protein deubiquitination]
GO:0016607 [nuclear speck]
GO:0016740 [transferase activity]
GO:0017124 [SH3 domain binding]
GO:0019899 [enzyme binding]
GO:0019900 [kinase binding]
GO:0019901 [protein kinase binding]
GO:0030163 [protein catabolic process]
GO:0030165 [PDZ domain binding]
GO:0030544 [Hsp70 protein binding]
GO:0031072 [heat shock protein binding]
GO:0031396 [regulation of protein ubiquitination]
GO:0031624 [ubiquitin conjugating enzyme binding]
GO:0031625 [ubiquitin protein ligase binding]
GO:0031647 [regulation of protein stability]
GO:0031648 [protein destabilization]
GO:0032092 [positive regulation of protein binding]
GO:0032232 [negative regulation of actin filament bundle assembly]
GO:0032368 [regulation of lipid transport]
GO:0032436 [positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process]
GO:0033132 [negative regulation of glucokinase activity]
GO:0034620 [cellular response to unfolded protein]
GO:0034976 [response to endoplasmic reticulum stress]
GO:0035519 [protein K29-linked ubiquitination]
GO:0036503 [ERAD pathway]
GO:0042053 [regulation of dopamine metabolic process]
GO:0042417 [dopamine metabolic process]
GO:0042802 [identical protein binding]
GO:0042826 [histone deacetylase binding]
GO:0042981 [regulation of apoptotic process]
GO:0042995 [cell projection]
GO:0043005 [neuron projection]
GO:0043123 [positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling]
GO:0043130 [ubiquitin binding]
GO:0043161 [proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process]
GO:0043274 [phospholipase binding]
GO:0043388 [positive regulation of DNA binding]
GO:0043524 [negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process]
GO:0044314 [protein K27-linked ubiquitination]
GO:0044828 [negative regulation by host of viral genome replication]
GO:0044877 [protein-containing complex binding]
GO:0045202 [synapse]
GO:0045732 [positive regulation of protein catabolic process]
GO:0045944 [positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II]
GO:0046329 [negative regulation of JNK cascade]
GO:0046676 [negative regulation of insulin secretion]
GO:0046872 [metal ion binding]
GO:0048471 [perinuclear region of cytoplasm]
GO:0050821 [protein stabilization]
GO:0051087 [chaperone binding]
GO:0051582 [positive regulation of neurotransmitter uptake]
GO:0051865 [protein autoubiquitination]
GO:0055069 [zinc ion homeostasis]
GO:0060548 [negative regulation of cell death]
GO:0060828 [regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway]
GO:0061630 [ubiquitin protein ligase activity]
GO:0061734 [parkin-mediated stimulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization]
GO:0070050 [neuron cellular homeostasis]
GO:0070534 [protein K63-linked ubiquitination]
GO:0070842 [aggresome assembly]
GO:0070936 [protein K48-linked ubiquitination]
GO:0070979 [protein K11-linked ubiquitination]
GO:0071287 [cellular response to manganese ion]
GO:0085020 [protein K6-linked ubiquitination]
GO:0090090 [negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway]
GO:0090141 [positive regulation of mitochondrial fission]
GO:0090201 [negative regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria]
GO:0097237 [cellular response to toxic substance]
GO:0097413 [Lewy body]
GO:0097602 [cullin family protein binding]
GO:0098779 [positive regulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization]
GO:0098793 [presynapse]
GO:0099073 [mitochondrion-derived vesicle]
GO:0099074 [mitochondrion to lysosome transport]
GO:1900407 [regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress]
GO:1901215 [negative regulation of neuron death]
GO:1901800 [positive regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process]
GO:1902236 [negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway]
GO:1902254 [negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator]
GO:1902283 [negative regulation of primary amine oxidase activity]
GO:1902530 [positive regulation of protein linear polyubiquitination]
GO:1902803 [regulation of synaptic vesicle transport]
GO:1903202 [negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced cell death]
GO:1903214 [regulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion]
GO:1903265 [positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway]
GO:1903351 [cellular response to dopamine]
GO:1903377 [negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway]
GO:1903542 [negative regulation of exosomal secretion]
GO:1903599 [positive regulation of autophagy of mitochondrion]
GO:1904049 [negative regulation of spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion]
GO:1905281 [positive regulation of retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi]
GO:1905366 [negative regulation of intralumenal vesicle formation]
GO:1905477 [positive regulation of protein localization to membrane]
GO:1990000 [amyloid fibril formation]
GO:1990381 [ubiquitin-specific protease binding]
GO:1990444 [F-box domain binding]
GO:1990452 [Parkin-FBXW7-Cul1 ubiquitin ligase complex]
GO:2000377 [regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process]
GO:2000378 [negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process]
Show all
 316 aa
35.6 kDa 		No 0
PRKN-205
ENSP00000355863
ENST00000366897
O60260
[Direct mapping] E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin
Show all
Enzymes
   ENZYME proteins
   Transferases
Metabolic proteins
Transporters
   Accessory Factors Involved in Transport
Predicted intracellular proteins
   Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC
Disease related genes
Potential drug targets
Human disease related genes
   Cancers
   Cancers of the breast and female genital organs
   Nervous system diseases
   Neurodegenerative diseases
Mapped to neXtProt
   neXtProt - Evidence at protein level
Show all
GO:0000122 [negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II]
GO:0000151 [ubiquitin ligase complex]
GO:0000209 [protein polyubiquitination]
GO:0000266 [mitochondrial fission]
GO:0000422 [autophagy of mitochondrion]
GO:0000423 [mitophagy]
GO:0001664 [G protein-coupled receptor binding]
GO:0001933 [negative regulation of protein phosphorylation]
GO:0003714 [transcription corepressor activity]
GO:0003779 [actin binding]
GO:0004842 [ubiquitin-protein transferase activity]
GO:0005515 [protein binding]
GO:0005634 [nucleus]
GO:0005737 [cytoplasm]
GO:0005739 [mitochondrion]
GO:0005741 [mitochondrial outer membrane]
GO:0005783 [endoplasmic reticulum]
GO:0005794 [Golgi apparatus]
GO:0005829 [cytosol]
GO:0006511 [ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process]
GO:0006513 [protein monoubiquitination]
GO:0006914 [autophagy]
GO:0006979 [response to oxidative stress]
GO:0007005 [mitochondrion organization]
GO:0007417 [central nervous system development]
GO:0008013 [beta-catenin binding]
GO:0008270 [zinc ion binding]
GO:0008344 [adult locomotory behavior]
GO:0010498 [proteasomal protein catabolic process]
GO:0010506 [regulation of autophagy]
GO:0010628 [positive regulation of gene expression]
GO:0010629 [negative regulation of gene expression]
GO:0010636 [positive regulation of mitochondrial fusion]
GO:0010637 [negative regulation of mitochondrial fusion]
GO:0010821 [regulation of mitochondrion organization]
GO:0010906 [regulation of glucose metabolic process]
GO:0010994 [free ubiquitin chain polymerization]
GO:0014059 [regulation of dopamine secretion]
GO:0014069 [postsynaptic density]
GO:0015631 [tubulin binding]
GO:0016020 [membrane]
GO:0016235 [aggresome]
GO:0016236 [macroautophagy]
GO:0016567 [protein ubiquitination]
GO:0016579 [protein deubiquitination]
GO:0016607 [nuclear speck]
GO:0016740 [transferase activity]
GO:0017124 [SH3 domain binding]
GO:0019899 [enzyme binding]
GO:0019900 [kinase binding]
GO:0019901 [protein kinase binding]
GO:0030163 [protein catabolic process]
GO:0030165 [PDZ domain binding]
GO:0030544 [Hsp70 protein binding]
GO:0031072 [heat shock protein binding]
GO:0031396 [regulation of protein ubiquitination]
GO:0031624 [ubiquitin conjugating enzyme binding]
GO:0031625 [ubiquitin protein ligase binding]
GO:0031647 [regulation of protein stability]
GO:0031648 [protein destabilization]
GO:0032092 [positive regulation of protein binding]
GO:0032232 [negative regulation of actin filament bundle assembly]
GO:0032368 [regulation of lipid transport]
GO:0032436 [positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process]
GO:0033132 [negative regulation of glucokinase activity]
GO:0034620 [cellular response to unfolded protein]
GO:0034976 [response to endoplasmic reticulum stress]
GO:0035519 [protein K29-linked ubiquitination]
GO:0036503 [ERAD pathway]
GO:0042053 [regulation of dopamine metabolic process]
GO:0042417 [dopamine metabolic process]
GO:0042802 [identical protein binding]
GO:0042826 [histone deacetylase binding]
GO:0042981 [regulation of apoptotic process]
GO:0042995 [cell projection]
GO:0043005 [neuron projection]
GO:0043123 [positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling]
GO:0043130 [ubiquitin binding]
GO:0043161 [proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process]
GO:0043274 [phospholipase binding]
GO:0043388 [positive regulation of DNA binding]
GO:0043524 [negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process]
GO:0044314 [protein K27-linked ubiquitination]
GO:0044828 [negative regulation by host of viral genome replication]
GO:0044877 [protein-containing complex binding]
GO:0045202 [synapse]
GO:0045732 [positive regulation of protein catabolic process]
GO:0045944 [positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II]
GO:0046329 [negative regulation of JNK cascade]
GO:0046676 [negative regulation of insulin secretion]
GO:0046872 [metal ion binding]
GO:0048471 [perinuclear region of cytoplasm]
GO:0050821 [protein stabilization]
GO:0051087 [chaperone binding]
GO:0051582 [positive regulation of neurotransmitter uptake]
GO:0051865 [protein autoubiquitination]
GO:0055069 [zinc ion homeostasis]
GO:0060548 [negative regulation of cell death]
GO:0060828 [regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway]
GO:0061630 [ubiquitin protein ligase activity]
GO:0061734 [parkin-mediated stimulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization]
GO:0070050 [neuron cellular homeostasis]
GO:0070534 [protein K63-linked ubiquitination]
GO:0070842 [aggresome assembly]
GO:0070936 [protein K48-linked ubiquitination]
GO:0070979 [protein K11-linked ubiquitination]
GO:0071287 [cellular response to manganese ion]
GO:0085020 [protein K6-linked ubiquitination]
GO:0090090 [negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway]
GO:0090141 [positive regulation of mitochondrial fission]
GO:0090201 [negative regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria]
GO:0097237 [cellular response to toxic substance]
GO:0097413 [Lewy body]
GO:0097602 [cullin family protein binding]
GO:0098779 [positive regulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization]
GO:0098793 [presynapse]
GO:0099073 [mitochondrion-derived vesicle]
GO:0099074 [mitochondrion to lysosome transport]
GO:1900407 [regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress]
GO:1901215 [negative regulation of neuron death]
GO:1901800 [positive regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process]
GO:1902236 [negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway]
GO:1902254 [negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator]
GO:1902283 [negative regulation of primary amine oxidase activity]
GO:1902530 [positive regulation of protein linear polyubiquitination]
GO:1902803 [regulation of synaptic vesicle transport]
GO:1903202 [negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced cell death]
GO:1903214 [regulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion]
GO:1903265 [positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway]
GO:1903351 [cellular response to dopamine]
GO:1903377 [negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway]
GO:1903542 [negative regulation of exosomal secretion]
GO:1903599 [positive regulation of autophagy of mitochondrion]
GO:1904049 [negative regulation of spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion]
GO:1905281 [positive regulation of retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi]
GO:1905366 [negative regulation of intralumenal vesicle formation]
GO:1905477 [positive regulation of protein localization to membrane]
GO:1990000 [amyloid fibril formation]
GO:1990381 [ubiquitin-specific protease binding]
GO:1990444 [F-box domain binding]
GO:1990452 [Parkin-FBXW7-Cul1 ubiquitin ligase complex]
GO:2000377 [regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process]
GO:2000378 [negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process]
Show all
 437 aa
48.7 kDa 		No 0
PRKN-206
ENSP00000355865
ENST00000366898
O60260
[Direct mapping] E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin
Show all
X5DR79
[Target identity:100%; Query identity:100%] E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin
Show all
Enzymes
   ENZYME proteins
   Transferases
Metabolic proteins
Transporters
   Accessory Factors Involved in Transport
Predicted intracellular proteins
   Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC
Disease related genes
Potential drug targets
Human disease related genes
   Cancers
   Cancers of the breast and female genital organs
   Nervous system diseases
   Neurodegenerative diseases
Mapped to neXtProt
   neXtProt - Evidence at protein level
Show all
GO:0000122 [negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II]
GO:0000151 [ubiquitin ligase complex]
GO:0000209 [protein polyubiquitination]
GO:0000266 [mitochondrial fission]
GO:0000422 [autophagy of mitochondrion]
GO:0000423 [mitophagy]
GO:0001664 [G protein-coupled receptor binding]
GO:0001933 [negative regulation of protein phosphorylation]
GO:0001963 [synaptic transmission, dopaminergic]
GO:0001964 [startle response]
GO:0003714 [transcription corepressor activity]
GO:0003779 [actin binding]
GO:0004842 [ubiquitin-protein transferase activity]
GO:0005515 [protein binding]
GO:0005634 [nucleus]
GO:0005737 [cytoplasm]
GO:0005739 [mitochondrion]
GO:0005741 [mitochondrial outer membrane]
GO:0005783 [endoplasmic reticulum]
GO:0005794 [Golgi apparatus]
GO:0005829 [cytosol]
GO:0006511 [ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process]
GO:0006513 [protein monoubiquitination]
GO:0006914 [autophagy]
GO:0006979 [response to oxidative stress]
GO:0007005 [mitochondrion organization]
GO:0007417 [central nervous system development]
GO:0007612 [learning]
GO:0007626 [locomotory behavior]
GO:0008013 [beta-catenin binding]
GO:0008270 [zinc ion binding]
GO:0008344 [adult locomotory behavior]
GO:0010498 [proteasomal protein catabolic process]
GO:0010506 [regulation of autophagy]
GO:0010628 [positive regulation of gene expression]
GO:0010629 [negative regulation of gene expression]
GO:0010636 [positive regulation of mitochondrial fusion]
GO:0010637 [negative regulation of mitochondrial fusion]
GO:0010821 [regulation of mitochondrion organization]
GO:0010906 [regulation of glucose metabolic process]
GO:0010994 [free ubiquitin chain polymerization]
GO:0014059 [regulation of dopamine secretion]
GO:0014069 [postsynaptic density]
GO:0015631 [tubulin binding]
GO:0016020 [membrane]
GO:0016235 [aggresome]
GO:0016236 [macroautophagy]
GO:0016567 [protein ubiquitination]
GO:0016579 [protein deubiquitination]
GO:0016607 [nuclear speck]
GO:0016740 [transferase activity]
GO:0017124 [SH3 domain binding]
GO:0019538 [protein metabolic process]
GO:0019899 [enzyme binding]
GO:0019900 [kinase binding]
GO:0019901 [protein kinase binding]
GO:0030163 [protein catabolic process]
GO:0030165 [PDZ domain binding]
GO:0030544 [Hsp70 protein binding]
GO:0031072 [heat shock protein binding]
GO:0031396 [regulation of protein ubiquitination]
GO:0031624 [ubiquitin conjugating enzyme binding]
GO:0031625 [ubiquitin protein ligase binding]
GO:0031647 [regulation of protein stability]
GO:0031648 [protein destabilization]
GO:0032092 [positive regulation of protein binding]
GO:0032232 [negative regulation of actin filament bundle assembly]
GO:0032368 [regulation of lipid transport]
GO:0032436 [positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process]
GO:0032991 [protein-containing complex]
GO:0033132 [negative regulation of glucokinase activity]
GO:0034620 [cellular response to unfolded protein]
GO:0034976 [response to endoplasmic reticulum stress]
GO:0035249 [synaptic transmission, glutamatergic]
GO:0035519 [protein K29-linked ubiquitination]
GO:0036503 [ERAD pathway]
GO:0042053 [regulation of dopamine metabolic process]
GO:0042415 [norepinephrine metabolic process]
GO:0042417 [dopamine metabolic process]
GO:0042802 [identical protein binding]
GO:0042826 [histone deacetylase binding]
GO:0042981 [regulation of apoptotic process]
GO:0042995 [cell projection]
GO:0043005 [neuron projection]
GO:0043123 [positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling]
GO:0043130 [ubiquitin binding]
GO:0043161 [proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process]
GO:0043274 [phospholipase binding]
GO:0043388 [positive regulation of DNA binding]
GO:0043524 [negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process]
GO:0044314 [protein K27-linked ubiquitination]
GO:0044828 [negative regulation by host of viral genome replication]
GO:0044877 [protein-containing complex binding]
GO:0045202 [synapse]
GO:0045732 [positive regulation of protein catabolic process]
GO:0045944 [positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II]
GO:0046329 [negative regulation of JNK cascade]
GO:0046676 [negative regulation of insulin secretion]
GO:0046872 [metal ion binding]
GO:0046928 [regulation of neurotransmitter secretion]
GO:0048471 [perinuclear region of cytoplasm]
GO:0050804 [modulation of chemical synaptic transmission]
GO:0050821 [protein stabilization]
GO:0051087 [chaperone binding]
GO:0051582 [positive regulation of neurotransmitter uptake]
GO:0051583 [dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission]
GO:0051865 [protein autoubiquitination]
GO:0051881 [regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential]
GO:0055069 [zinc ion homeostasis]
GO:0060548 [negative regulation of cell death]
GO:0060828 [regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway]
GO:0061630 [ubiquitin protein ligase activity]
GO:0061734 [parkin-mediated stimulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization]
GO:0070050 [neuron cellular homeostasis]
GO:0070534 [protein K63-linked ubiquitination]
GO:0070585 [protein localization to mitochondrion]
GO:0070842 [aggresome assembly]
GO:0070936 [protein K48-linked ubiquitination]
GO:0070979 [protein K11-linked ubiquitination]
GO:0071287 [cellular response to manganese ion]
GO:0085020 [protein K6-linked ubiquitination]
GO:0090090 [negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway]
GO:0090141 [positive regulation of mitochondrial fission]
GO:0090201 [negative regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria]
GO:0097237 [cellular response to toxic substance]
GO:0097413 [Lewy body]
GO:0097602 [cullin family protein binding]
GO:0098691 [dopaminergic synapse]
GO:0098779 [positive regulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization]
GO:0098793 [presynapse]
GO:0099073 [mitochondrion-derived vesicle]
GO:0099074 [mitochondrion to lysosome transport]
GO:0140251 [regulation protein catabolic process at presynapse]
GO:1900242 [regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis]
GO:1900407 [regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress]
GO:1901215 [negative regulation of neuron death]
GO:1901800 [positive regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process]
GO:1902236 [negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway]
GO:1902254 [negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator]
GO:1902283 [negative regulation of primary amine oxidase activity]
GO:1902530 [positive regulation of protein linear polyubiquitination]
GO:1902803 [regulation of synaptic vesicle transport]
GO:1903202 [negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced cell death]
GO:1903214 [regulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion]
GO:1903265 [positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway]
GO:1903351 [cellular response to dopamine]
GO:1903377 [negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway]
GO:1903382 [negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway]
GO:1903542 [negative regulation of exosomal secretion]
GO:1903599 [positive regulation of autophagy of mitochondrion]
GO:1903861 [positive regulation of dendrite extension]
GO:1904049 [negative regulation of spontaneous neurotransmitter secretion]
GO:1905281 [positive regulation of retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi]
GO:1905366 [negative regulation of intralumenal vesicle formation]
GO:1905477 [positive regulation of protein localization to membrane]
GO:1990000 [amyloid fibril formation]
GO:1990381 [ubiquitin-specific protease binding]
GO:1990444 [F-box domain binding]
GO:1990452 [Parkin-FBXW7-Cul1 ubiquitin ligase complex]
GO:2000377 [regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process]
GO:2000378 [negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process]
Show all
 465 aa
51.6 kDa 		No 0
PRKN-208
ENSP00000483773
ENST00000610470
A0A087X0Z9
[Direct mapping] RBR-type E3 ubiquitin transferase
Show all
Metabolic proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
   Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC
Human disease related genes
   Cancers
   Cancers of the breast and female genital organs
   Nervous system diseases
   Neurodegenerative diseases
Show all
GO:0004842 [ubiquitin-protein transferase activity]
GO:0005739 [mitochondrion]
GO:0005829 [cytosol]
GO:0016567 [protein ubiquitination]
GO:0016607 [nuclear speck]
GO:0016740 [transferase activity]
GO:0046872 [metal ion binding]
Show all
 176 aa
19.7 kDa 		No 0
PRKN-210
ENSP00000501337
ENST00000647006
A0A6I8PII0
[Direct mapping] E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin
Show all
Metabolic proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
   Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC
Human disease related genes
   Cancers
   Cancers of the breast and female genital organs
   Nervous system diseases
   Neurodegenerative diseases
Show all
 115 aa
13.4 kDa 		No 0
PRKN-217
ENSP00000501354
ENST00000674250
A0A6I8PRS9
[Direct mapping] E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin
Show all
Metabolic proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
   Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC
Human disease related genes
   Cancers
   Cancers of the breast and female genital organs
   Nervous system diseases
   Neurodegenerative diseases
Show all
 63 aa
7.3 kDa 		No 0

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The Human Protein Atlas

The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
by the Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation.


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