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General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene namei
Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.
All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.
Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).
The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Chromosome
1
Cytoband
p35.3
Chromosome location (bp)
28369582 - 28500364
Number of transcriptsi
Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.
Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.
Regulator of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) required for neural tube and optic fissure closure, and enteric neural crest cell (ENCCs) migration during development. Acts as an activator of PP1 by interacting with PPP1CA and preventing phosphorylation of PPP1CA at 'Thr-320'. During neural tube closure, localizes to the ventral neural tube and activates PP1, leading to down-regulate cell proliferation within cranial neural tissue and the neural retina. Also acts as a regulator of migration of enteric neural crest cells (ENCCs) by activating PP1, leading to dephosphorylation and subsequent activation of cofilin (COF1 or COF2) and repression of the integrin signaling through the RHO/ROCK pathway (By similarity)....show less
Molecular function (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.
Actin-binding, Developmental protein
Biological process (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they are involved in a particular biological process.
Neurogenesis
Gene summary (Entrez)i
Useful information about the gene from Entrez
This gene encodes a member of the phosphatase and actin regulator (PHACTR) family. Other PHACTR family members have been shown to inhibit protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) activity, and the homolog of this gene in the mouse has been shown to interact with actin and PP1. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]...show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The Splice variant identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the Swissprot and TrEMBL columns links to corresponding pages in the UniProt database.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide and number of predicted transmembrane region(s) according to in-house majority decision methods based on sets of predictors are also reported.
Q8IZ21 [Direct mapping] Phosphatase and actin regulator 4
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Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0001755[neural crest cell migration] GO:0001843[neural tube closure] GO:0003779[actin binding] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0007266[Rho protein signal transduction] GO:0007399[nervous system development] GO:0008157[protein phosphatase 1 binding] GO:0019888[protein phosphatase regulator activity] GO:0030027[lamellipodium] GO:0030036[actin cytoskeleton organization] GO:0042995[cell projection] GO:0043085[positive regulation of catalytic activity] GO:0048484[enteric nervous system development] GO:0051726[regulation of cell cycle] GO:0061386[closure of optic fissure] GO:0072542[protein phosphatase activator activity] GO:2001045[negative regulation of integrin-mediated signaling pathway]
Q8IZ21 [Direct mapping] Phosphatase and actin regulator 4
Show all
Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0001755[neural crest cell migration] GO:0001843[neural tube closure] GO:0003779[actin binding] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0007266[Rho protein signal transduction] GO:0007399[nervous system development] GO:0008157[protein phosphatase 1 binding] GO:0019888[protein phosphatase regulator activity] GO:0030027[lamellipodium] GO:0030036[actin cytoskeleton organization] GO:0042995[cell projection] GO:0043085[positive regulation of catalytic activity] GO:0048484[enteric nervous system development] GO:0051726[regulation of cell cycle] GO:0061386[closure of optic fissure] GO:0072542[protein phosphatase activator activity] GO:2001045[negative regulation of integrin-mediated signaling pathway]
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
