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General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene namei
Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.
Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DP alpha 1
Protein classi
Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).
Human disease related genes
Predicted locationi
All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.
Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).
The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Chromosome
6
Cytoband
p21.32
Chromosome location (bp)
33064569 - 33080775
Number of transcriptsi
Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.
Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.
Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route, where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules, and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments, exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides, autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs, other cells of the gastrointestinal tract, such as epithelial cells, express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs, which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen, three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form a heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs, CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases, including CTSS and CTSL, leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide). The removal of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface. In B-cells, the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO. Lysosomal microenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules, increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading....show less
Biological process (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they are involved in a particular biological process.
Adaptive immunity, Immunity
Gene summary (Entrez)i
Useful information about the gene from Entrez
HLA-DPA1 belongs to the HLA class II alpha chain paralogues. This class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha (DPA) and a beta (DPB) chain, both anchored in the membrane. It plays a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from extracellular proteins. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen presenting cells (APC: B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages). The alpha chain is approximately 33-35 kDa and its gene contains 5 exons. Exon one encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains, exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain and the cytoplasmic tail. Within the DP molecule both the alpha chain and the beta chain contain the polymorphisms specifying the peptide binding specificities, resulting in up to 4 different molecules. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]...show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The Splice variant identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the Swissprot and TrEMBL columns links to corresponding pages in the UniProt database.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide and number of predicted transmembrane region(s) according to in-house majority decision methods based on sets of predictors are also reported.
F6V115 [Direct mapping] HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP alpha 1 chain
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SPOCTOPUS predicted secreted proteins DeepTMHMM predicted secreted proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Human disease related genes Cardiovascular diseases Cardiac diseases Immune system diseases Allergies and autoimmune diseases Skin diseases Skin and soft tissue diseases Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
P20036 [Direct mapping] HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP alpha 1 chain
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X5CKE2 [Target identity:100%; Query identity:100%] HLA class II histocompatibility antigen DP alpha chain; HLA-DPA1*01:03:01:New; MHC class II antigen; Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DP alpha 1, isoform CRA_a
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Predicted membrane proteins Prediction method-based Membrane proteins predicted by MDM MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins MEMSAT-SVM predicted membrane proteins Phobius predicted membrane proteins SCAMPI predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins THUMBUP predicted membrane proteins TMHMM predicted membrane proteins # TM segments-based 1TM proteins predicted by MDM Human disease related genes Cardiovascular diseases Cardiac diseases Immune system diseases Allergies and autoimmune diseases Skin diseases Skin and soft tissue diseases Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014) DeepTMHMM predicted membrane proteins
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GO:0000139[Golgi membrane] GO:0002250[adaptive immune response] GO:0002376[immune system process] GO:0002503[peptide antigen assembly with MHC class II protein complex] GO:0002504[antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II] GO:0005764[lysosome] GO:0005765[lysosomal membrane] GO:0005768[endosome] GO:0005783[endoplasmic reticulum] GO:0005789[endoplasmic reticulum membrane] GO:0005794[Golgi apparatus] GO:0005886[plasma membrane] GO:0006955[immune response] GO:0009986[cell surface] GO:0010008[endosome membrane] GO:0012507[ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane] GO:0016020[membrane] GO:0019882[antigen processing and presentation] GO:0019886[antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II] GO:0023026[MHC class II protein complex binding] GO:0030658[transport vesicle membrane] GO:0030666[endocytic vesicle membrane] GO:0030669[clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane] GO:0032395[MHC class II receptor activity] GO:0032588[trans-Golgi network membrane] GO:0032729[positive regulation of interferon-gamma production] GO:0042102[positive regulation of T cell proliferation] GO:0042605[peptide antigen binding] GO:0042613[MHC class II protein complex] GO:0043231[intracellular membrane-bounded organelle] GO:0050870[positive regulation of T cell activation] GO:0071346[cellular response to interferon-gamma] GO:0098553[lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane]
P20036 [Direct mapping] HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP alpha 1 chain
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X5CKE2 [Target identity:100%; Query identity:100%] HLA class II histocompatibility antigen DP alpha chain; HLA-DPA1*01:03:01:New; MHC class II antigen; Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DP alpha 1, isoform CRA_a
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Predicted membrane proteins Prediction method-based Membrane proteins predicted by MDM MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins MEMSAT-SVM predicted membrane proteins Phobius predicted membrane proteins SCAMPI predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins THUMBUP predicted membrane proteins TMHMM predicted membrane proteins # TM segments-based 1TM proteins predicted by MDM Human disease related genes Cardiovascular diseases Cardiac diseases Immune system diseases Allergies and autoimmune diseases Skin diseases Skin and soft tissue diseases Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014) DeepTMHMM predicted membrane proteins
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GO:0000139[Golgi membrane] GO:0002250[adaptive immune response] GO:0002376[immune system process] GO:0002503[peptide antigen assembly with MHC class II protein complex] GO:0002504[antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II] GO:0005764[lysosome] GO:0005765[lysosomal membrane] GO:0005768[endosome] GO:0005783[endoplasmic reticulum] GO:0005789[endoplasmic reticulum membrane] GO:0005794[Golgi apparatus] GO:0005886[plasma membrane] GO:0006955[immune response] GO:0009986[cell surface] GO:0010008[endosome membrane] GO:0012507[ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane] GO:0016020[membrane] GO:0019882[antigen processing and presentation] GO:0019886[antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II] GO:0023026[MHC class II protein complex binding] GO:0030658[transport vesicle membrane] GO:0030666[endocytic vesicle membrane] GO:0030669[clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane] GO:0032395[MHC class II receptor activity] GO:0032588[trans-Golgi network membrane] GO:0032729[positive regulation of interferon-gamma production] GO:0042102[positive regulation of T cell proliferation] GO:0042605[peptide antigen binding] GO:0042613[MHC class II protein complex] GO:0043231[intracellular membrane-bounded organelle] GO:0050870[positive regulation of T cell activation] GO:0071346[cellular response to interferon-gamma] GO:0098553[lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane]
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
