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General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene namei
Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.
Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).
Cancer-related genes Enzymes Human disease related genes Metabolic proteins Plasma proteins
Predicted locationi
All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.
Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).
The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Chromosome
3
Cytoband
p21.31
Chromosome location (bp)
49357174 - 49358605
Number of transcriptsi
Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.
Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.
Catalyzes the reduction of hydroperoxides in a glutathione-dependent manner thus regulating cellular redox homeostasis 1,2. Can reduce small soluble hydroperoxides such as H2O2, cumene hydroperoxide and tert-butyl hydroperoxide, as well as several fatty acid-derived hydroperoxides 3,4. In platelets catalyzes the reduction of 12-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid, the primary product of the arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase pathway 5....show less
Molecular function (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.
Oxidoreductase, Peroxidase
Biological process (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they are involved in a particular biological process.
Lipid metabolism
Gene summary (Entrez)i
Useful information about the gene from Entrez
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family, members of which catalyze the reduction of organic hydroperoxides and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by glutathione, and thereby protect cells against oxidative damage. Other studies indicate that H2O2 is also essential for growth-factor mediated signal transduction, mitochondrial function, and maintenance of thiol redox-balance; therefore, by limiting H2O2 accumulation, glutathione peroxidases are also involved in modulating these processes. Several isozymes of this gene family exist in vertebrates, which vary in cellular location and substrate specificity. This isozyme is the most abundant, is ubiquitously expressed and localized in the cytoplasm, and whose preferred substrate is hydrogen peroxide. It is also a selenoprotein, containing the rare amino acid selenocysteine (Sec) at its active site. Sec is encoded by the UGA codon, which normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTRs of selenoprotein mRNAs contain a conserved stem-loop structure, designated the Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element, that is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon, rather than as a stop signal. This gene contains an in-frame GCG trinucleotide repeat in the coding region, and three alleles with 4, 5 or 6 repeats have been found in the human population. The allele with 4 GCG repeats has been significantly associated with breast cancer risk in premenopausal women. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. Pseudogenes of this locus have been identified on chromosomes X and 21. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]...show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The Splice variant identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the Swissprot and TrEMBL columns links to corresponding pages in the UniProt database.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide and number of predicted transmembrane region(s) according to in-house majority decision methods based on sets of predictors are also reported.
Enzymes ENZYME proteins Oxidoreductases Metabolic proteins Phobius predicted secreted proteins DeepTMHMM predicted secreted proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Plasma proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Human disease related genes Cardiovascular diseases Hematologic diseases Congenital disorders of metabolism Congenital disorders of amino acid metabolism Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0004601[peroxidase activity] GO:0004602[glutathione peroxidase activity] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005739[mitochondrion] GO:0005759[mitochondrial matrix] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0006629[lipid metabolic process] GO:0006749[glutathione metabolic process] GO:0006979[response to oxidative stress] GO:0009650[UV protection] GO:0010269[response to selenium ion] GO:0016491[oxidoreductase activity] GO:0017124[SH3 domain binding] GO:0019369[arachidonic acid metabolic process] GO:0019372[lipoxygenase pathway] GO:0033599[regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation] GO:0034599[cellular response to oxidative stress] GO:0040029[epigenetic regulation of gene expression] GO:0042542[response to hydrogen peroxide] GO:0042744[hydrogen peroxide catabolic process] GO:0043154[negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process] GO:0045454[cell redox homeostasis] GO:0047066[phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase activity] GO:0060047[heart contraction] GO:0061136[regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process] GO:0090201[negative regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria] GO:0097413[Lewy body] GO:0098869[cellular oxidant detoxification] GO:1902042[negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors] GO:1902905[positive regulation of supramolecular fiber organization]
Enzymes ENZYME proteins Oxidoreductases Metabolic proteins Phobius predicted secreted proteins DeepTMHMM predicted secreted proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Plasma proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Human disease related genes Cardiovascular diseases Hematologic diseases Congenital disorders of metabolism Congenital disorders of amino acid metabolism Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0000302[response to reactive oxygen species] GO:0001659[temperature homeostasis] GO:0001885[endothelial cell development] GO:0002862[negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus] GO:0004601[peroxidase activity] GO:0004602[glutathione peroxidase activity] GO:0005634[nucleus] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005739[mitochondrion] GO:0005759[mitochondrial matrix] GO:0005829[cytosol] GO:0006629[lipid metabolic process] GO:0006641[triglyceride metabolic process] GO:0006749[glutathione metabolic process] GO:0006915[apoptotic process] GO:0006979[response to oxidative stress] GO:0007568[aging] GO:0007605[sensory perception of sound] GO:0008631[intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress] GO:0009410[response to xenobiotic stimulus] GO:0009609[response to symbiotic bacterium] GO:0009611[response to wounding] GO:0009636[response to toxic substance] GO:0009650[UV protection] GO:0009725[response to hormone] GO:0009749[response to glucose] GO:0010269[response to selenium ion] GO:0010332[response to gamma radiation] GO:0014070[response to organic cyclic compound] GO:0014902[myotube differentiation] GO:0016491[oxidoreductase activity] GO:0017124[SH3 domain binding] GO:0018158[protein oxidation] GO:0019369[arachidonic acid metabolic process] GO:0019372[lipoxygenase pathway] GO:0032355[response to estradiol] GO:0033194[response to hydroperoxide] GO:0033197[response to vitamin E] GO:0033599[regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation] GO:0034599[cellular response to oxidative stress] GO:0035094[response to nicotine] GO:0040029[epigenetic regulation of gene expression] GO:0042311[vasodilation] GO:0042542[response to hydrogen peroxide] GO:0042744[hydrogen peroxide catabolic process] GO:0043154[negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process] GO:0043403[skeletal muscle tissue regeneration] GO:0043534[blood vessel endothelial cell migration] GO:0045444[fat cell differentiation] GO:0045445[myoblast differentiation] GO:0045454[cell redox homeostasis] GO:0047066[phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase activity] GO:0048144[fibroblast proliferation] GO:0048741[skeletal muscle fiber development] GO:0051402[neuron apoptotic process] GO:0051450[myoblast proliferation] GO:0051593[response to folic acid] GO:0051702[biological process involved in interaction with symbiont] GO:0051897[positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling] GO:0060047[heart contraction] GO:0060055[angiogenesis involved in wound healing] GO:0061136[regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process] GO:0071333[cellular response to glucose stimulus] GO:0090201[negative regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria] GO:0097413[Lewy body] GO:0098869[cellular oxidant detoxification] GO:1902042[negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors] GO:1902176[negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway] GO:1902905[positive regulation of supramolecular fiber organization]
Metabolic proteins Phobius predicted secreted proteins DeepTMHMM predicted secreted proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Human disease related genes Cardiovascular diseases Hematologic diseases Congenital disorders of metabolism Congenital disorders of amino acid metabolism Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Metabolic proteins Phobius predicted secreted proteins DeepTMHMM predicted secreted proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Human disease related genes Cardiovascular diseases Hematologic diseases Congenital disorders of metabolism Congenital disorders of amino acid metabolism Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Metabolic proteins Phobius predicted secreted proteins DeepTMHMM predicted secreted proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Human disease related genes Cardiovascular diseases Hematologic diseases Congenital disorders of metabolism Congenital disorders of amino acid metabolism Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Metabolic proteins Phobius predicted secreted proteins DeepTMHMM predicted secreted proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Human disease related genes Cardiovascular diseases Hematologic diseases Congenital disorders of metabolism Congenital disorders of amino acid metabolism Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0004602[glutathione peroxidase activity] GO:0006979[response to oxidative stress]
Metabolic proteins Phobius predicted secreted proteins DeepTMHMM predicted secreted proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Human disease related genes Cardiovascular diseases Hematologic diseases Congenital disorders of metabolism Congenital disorders of amino acid metabolism Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0004602[glutathione peroxidase activity] GO:0006979[response to oxidative stress]
Metabolic proteins Phobius predicted secreted proteins DeepTMHMM predicted secreted proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Human disease related genes Cardiovascular diseases Hematologic diseases Congenital disorders of metabolism Congenital disorders of amino acid metabolism Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0004602[glutathione peroxidase activity] GO:0006979[response to oxidative stress]
Metabolic proteins Phobius predicted secreted proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted secreted proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Human disease related genes Cardiovascular diseases Hematologic diseases Congenital disorders of metabolism Congenital disorders of amino acid metabolism Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0004602[glutathione peroxidase activity] GO:0006979[response to oxidative stress]
Metabolic proteins Phobius predicted secreted proteins DeepTMHMM predicted secreted proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Human disease related genes Cardiovascular diseases Hematologic diseases Congenital disorders of metabolism Congenital disorders of amino acid metabolism Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0004602[glutathione peroxidase activity] GO:0006979[response to oxidative stress]
Metabolic proteins Phobius predicted secreted proteins DeepTMHMM predicted secreted proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Human disease related genes Cardiovascular diseases Hematologic diseases Congenital disorders of metabolism Congenital disorders of amino acid metabolism Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Metabolic proteins Phobius predicted secreted proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Human disease related genes Cardiovascular diseases Hematologic diseases Congenital disorders of metabolism Congenital disorders of amino acid metabolism Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0004602[glutathione peroxidase activity] GO:0006979[response to oxidative stress]
The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
