WWTR1 - Antibodies - The Human Protein Atlas


	Antibody HPA007415	Antibody CAB017483	Antibody CAB068248

ANTIBODY INFORMATION
Provider	Atlas Antibodies Sigma-Aldrich	Santa Cruz Biotechnology	Atlas Antibodies
Product name	HPA007415	sc-48805	AMAb90730
Host species	Rabbit	Rabbit	Mouse
Clonalityⁱ The antibodies are designated mAB for monoclonal and pAb for polyclonal.	pAb	pAb	mAb
Concentration	0.175 mg/ml	Not known	Not known
Purity	Affinity purified using the PrEST-antigen as affinity ligand	Protein A/G	Protein A/G
Released in versionⁱ The release of the Human Protein Atlas in which the antibody was first published.	3.1	4.1	13.0
Referencesⁱ References to publications in which the antibody has been used.	40
Proper citation	Atlas Antibodies Cat#HPA007415, RRID:AB_1080602	Santa Cruz Biotechnology Cat#sc-48805, RRID:AB_2216639	Atlas Antibodies Cat#AMAb90730, RRID:AB_2665648
Validation summaryⁱ All assays through which the antibody has been validated. Assays&annotation provide a detailed description of the different assays. The pie-charts indicate degree of validation.	ICC IHC WB PA	N/A ICC IHC N/A WB N/A PA	N/A ICC IHC WB N/A PA
IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRYⁱ Immunocytochemistry is used to validate the antibody staining and for assessing and validating the protein expression pattern in selected human cell lines.
Validationⁱ Results of validation by standard or enhanced validation. Standard validation is based on concordance with available experimental gene/protein characterization data in the UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot database. Standard validation results in scores Supported, Approved or Uncertain. Enhanced validation is performed using either siRNA knockdown, tagged GFP cell lines or independent antibodies. For the siRNA validation the decrease in antibody-based staining intensity upon target protein downregulation is evaluated. For the GFP validation the signal overlap between the antibody staining and the GFP-tagged protein is evaluated. For the independent antibodies validation the evaluation is based on comparison of the staining of two (or more) independent antibodies directed towards independent epitopes on the protein. For all cases except the siRNA validation, an image representative of the antibody staining pattern is shown. For the siRNA validation, a box plot of the results is shown.	Supportedⁱ Reliability scores for antibodies used in immunocytochemistry are set by comparing the staining pattern in cell lines with external experimental evidence for protein localization. The scores are termed Supported, Approved and Uncertain. The subcellular location is supported by literature. Immunofluorescent staining of human cell line U2OS shows localization to nucleoplasm and nuclear bodies.	N/A	N/A

Antibody dilution	Human assay: A-431 fixed with PFA, dilution: 1:91 Human assay: A-549 fixed with PFA, dilution: 1:88 Human assay: U2OS fixed with PFA, dilution: 1:88
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRYⁱ Immunohistochemistry is used for validating antibody reliability by assessing staining pattern in 44 normal tissues. Validation scores include Enhanced, Supported, Approved and Uncertain.
Validationⁱ Results of validation by standard or enhanced validation based on assessment of antibody performance in 44 normal tissues. Standard validation results in scores Supported, Approved or Uncertain. An image representative of the antibody staining pattern is shown. Enhanced validation results in the score Enhanced and includes two methods: Orthogonal validation and Independent antibody validation. For orthogonal validation, representative images of high and low expression are shown. For independent antibody validation, four images of each independent antibody are displayed.	Enhanced - Orthogonal Antibody staining mainly consistent with RNA expression data across 42 tissues. HIGH EXPRESSION Urinary bladder RNA expression: 57.3 nTPM LOW EXPRESSION Small intestine RNA expression: 20.9 nTPM	Approvedⁱ Immunohistochemistry is used for validating antibody reliability by assessing staining pattern in 44 normal tissues. Validation scores include Enhanced, Supported, Approved and Uncertain. Immunohistochemical staining of human kidney shows strong nuclear positivity in cells in tubules and in glomeruli. Kidney	Enhanced - Orthogonal Antibody staining mainly consistent with RNA expression data across 44 tissues. HIGH EXPRESSION Esophagus RNA expression: 34.6 nTPM LOW EXPRESSION Duodenum RNA expression: 7.7 nTPM

Retrievalⁱ Antigen retrieval is a method used to restore/retrieve the epitope (antibody bidning region) of the target protein, cross-linked, and thus masked, during tissue preserving fixative treatment of the tissues.	HIER pH6	HIER pH6	HIER pH6
Antibody dilution	1:50	1:300	1:100
Literature conformityⁱ Conformance of the expression pattern with available gene/protein characterization data in scientific literature and data from bioinformatic predictions. UniProt is used as the main source of gene/protein characterization data and when relevant, available publications and other sources of information are researched in depth. Extensive or sufficient gene/protein data requires that there is evidence of existence on a protein level and that a substantial quantity of published experimental data is available from literature and public databases. Limited protein/gene characterization data does not require evidence of existence on a protein level and refers to genes for which only bioinformatic predictions and scarce published experimental data is available.	Partly consistent with extensive gene/protein characterization data.	Partly consistent with extensive gene/protein characterization data.	Consistent with extensive gene/protein characterization data.
RNA consistencyⁱ Consistency between immunohistochemistry data and consensus RNA levels is divided into five different categories: i) High consistency, ii) Medium consistency, iii) Low consistency, iv) Very low consistency, and v) Cannot be evaluated.	Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.	Low consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.	Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.
WESTERN BLOTⁱ A Western blot analysis is performed on a panel of human tissues and cell lines to evaluate antibody specificity. For antibodies with unreliable result a revalidation using an over-expression lysate is performed.
Validationⁱ Western Blot is used for quality control of the polyclonal antibodies generated in the project. After purification, the antibodies are used to detect bands in a setup of lysate and different tissues. The result is then scored Enhanced, Supported, Approved, or Uncertain. Enhanced validation includes five different methods: Genetic validation, Recombinant expression validation, Independent antibody validation, Orthogonal validation and Capture MS validation.	Supportedⁱ The staining of an antibody is evaluated by Western Blot through analysis of samples from different cell lysates. A supportive score is given if band(s) of predicted size in kDa (+/-20%) is detected. Band of predicted size in kDa (+/-20%) with additional bands present. Analysis performed using a standard panel of samples. 230 130 95 72 56 36 28 17 11	Uncertainⁱ The staining of an antibody is evaluated by Western Blot through analysis of samples from different cell lysates. A supportive score is given if band(s) of predicted size in kDa (+/-20%) is detected. Only bands not corresponding to the predicted size. Analysis performed using a standard panel of samples.	Supportedⁱ The staining of an antibody is evaluated by Western Blot through analysis of samples from different cell lysates. A supportive score is given if band(s) of predicted size in kDa (+/-20%) is detected. Band of predicted size in kDa (+/-20%) with additional bands present. Analysis performed using a standard panel of samples. 250 130 100 70 55 35 25 15 10

Antibody dilution	1:250	1:500	1:500
PROTEIN ARRAY
Validationⁱ A protein array containing 384 different antigens including the antibody target is used to analyse antibody specificity. Depending on the array interaction profile the antibody is scored as Supported, Approved, or Uncertain.	Approved Pass with quality comment low specificity (binding to 1-2 antigens >15% and <40%). Antibody specificity analysis with protein arrays. Predicted and matching interactions are shown in green.	N/A	N/A

Antibody dilution	1:3000
RELEVANT PUBLICATIONS
	Metabolic control of YAP and TAZ by the mevalonate pathway Sorrentino G et al Nat Cell Biol 2014;16(4):357-66
	Mechanosignaling through YAP and TAZ drives fibroblast activation and fibrosis Liu F et al Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015;308(4):L344-57 Application: IHC
	Role of the YAP Oncoprotein in Priming Ras-Driven Rhabdomyosarcoma Slemmons KK et al PLoS One 2015;10(10):e0140781 Application: IHC
	YAP enhances the pro-proliferative transcriptional activity of mutant p53 proteins Di Agostino S et al EMBO Rep 2016;17(2):188-201 Application: WB
	Expression Analysis of the Hippo Cascade Indicates a Role in Pituitary Stem Cell Development Lodge EJ et al Front Physiol 2016;7:114 Application: IHC
	TAZ and YAP are frequently activated oncoproteins in sarcomas Fullenkamp CA et al Oncotarget 2016;7(21):30094-108 Application: ICC-IF, IHC, WB
	The Hippo effector TAZ (WWTR1) transforms myoblasts and TAZ abundance is associated with reduced survival in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma Mohamed A et al J Pathol 2016;240(1):3-14 Application: WB
	YAP1 and TAZ Control Pancreatic Cancer Initiation in Mice by Direct Up-regulation of JAK-STAT3 Signaling Gruber R et al Gastroenterology 2016;151(3):526-39 Application: WB
	Thromboxane A2 Activates YAP/TAZ Protein to Induce Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration Feng X et al J Biol Chem 2016;291(36):18947-58 Application: IP
	MCM7 and its hosted miR-25, 93 and 106b cluster elicit YAP/TAZ oncogenic activity in lung cancer Lo Sardo F et al Carcinogenesis 2017;38(1):64-75 Application: WB
	Glucocorticoid receptor signalling activates YAP in breast cancer Sorrentino G et al Nat Commun 2017;8:14073 Application: ICC-IF, WB
	TAZ contributes to pulmonary fibrosis by activating profibrotic functions of lung fibroblasts Noguchi S et al Sci Rep 2017;7:42595 Application: ICC-IF
	ETS (E26 transformation-specific) up-regulation of the transcriptional co-activator TAZ promotes cell migration and metastasis in prostate cancer Liu CY et al J Biol Chem 2017;292(22):9420-9430 Application: ChIP
	TIAM1 Antagonizes TAZ/YAP Both in the Destruction Complex in the Cytoplasm and in the Nucleus to Inhibit Invasion of Intestinal Epithelial Cells Diamantopoulou Z et al Cancer Cell 2017;31(5):621-634.e6
	A reciprocal regulatory loop between TAZ/YAP and G-protein Gαs regulates Schwann cell proliferation and myelination Deng Y et al Nat Commun 2017;8:15161 Application: IP
	Common and Distinctive Functions of the Hippo Effectors Taz and Yap in Skeletal Muscle Stem Cell Function Sun C et al Stem Cells 2017;35(8):1958-1972 Application: IP
	miR205 inhibits stem cell renewal in SUM159PT breast cancer cells Mayoral-Varo V et al PLoS One 2017;12(11):e0188637 Application: WB
	Modest Static Pressure Suppresses Columnar Epithelial Cell Growth in Association with Cell Shape and Cytoskeletal Modifications Hagiyama M et al Front Physiol 2017;8:997 Application: ICC-IF
	YAP and TAZ regulate adherens junction dynamics and endothelial cell distribution during vascular development Neto F et al Elife 2018;7: Application: ICC-IF
	Hippo-mediated suppression of IRS2/AKT signaling prevents hepatic steatosis and liver cancer Jeong SH et al J Clin Invest 2018;128(3):1010-1025 Application: ChIP, ICC-IF, IHC
	Pulmonary pericytes regulate lung morphogenesis Kato K et al Nat Commun 2018;9(1):2448 Application: IHC
	A comprehensive evaluation of Hippo pathway silencing in sarcomas Merritt NM et al Oncotarget 2018;9(60):31620-31636 Application: WB
	Analysis of the relationship between the KRAS G12V oncogene and the Hippo effector YAP1 in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma Mohamed AD et al Sci Rep 2018;8(1):15674 Application: ICC-IF
	Doublecortin-like kinase 1 compromises DNA repair and induces chromosomal instability Lu Y et al Biochem Biophys Rep 2018;16:130-137 Application: WB
	Helicobacter pylori CagA promotes epithelial mesenchymal transition in gastric carcinogenesis via triggering oncogenic YAP pathway Li N et al J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018;37(1):280 Application: IHC, WB
	An evaluation of TAZ and YAP crosstalk with TGFβ signalling in canine osteosarcoma suggests involvement of hippo signalling in disease progression Luu AK et al BMC Vet Res 2018;14(1):365 Application: IHC
	Verteporfin selectively kills hypoxic glioma cells through iron-binding and increased production of reactive oxygen species Eales KL et al Sci Rep 2018;8(1):14358 Application: WB
	Mechanical cues control mutant p53 stability through a mevalonate-RhoA axis Ingallina E et al Nat Cell Biol 2018;20(1):28-35 Application: ICC-IF, WB
	Targeted Disruption of YAP and TAZ Impairs the Maintenance of the Adrenal Cortex Levasseur A et al Endocrinology 2017;158(11):3738-3753 Application: IHC
	Non-secreting pituitary tumours characterised by enhanced expression of YAP/TAZ Xekouki P et al Endocr Relat Cancer 2019;26(1):215-225 Application: ICC-IF
	Yap1 safeguards mouse embryonic stem cells from excessive apoptosis during differentiation LeBlanc L et al Elife 2018;7: Application: WB
	TAZ couples Hippo/Wnt signalling and insulin sensitivity through Irs1 expression Hwang JH et al Nat Commun 2019;10(1):421 Application: WB
	Hippo signaling dysfunction induces cancer cell addiction to YAP Han H et al Oncogene 2018;37(50):6414-6424 Application: IHC
	A MST1-FOXO1 cascade establishes endothelial tip cell polarity and facilitates sprouting angiogenesis Kim YH et al Nat Commun 2019;10(1):838 Application: ICC-IF, IHC
	Proliferation of hepatic stellate cells, mediated by YAP and TAZ, contributes to liver repair and regeneration after liver ischemia-reperfusion injury Konishi T et al Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018;314(4):G471-G482 Application: ICC-IF, IHC
	Homeostatic and tumourigenic activity of SOX2+ pituitary stem cells is controlled by the LATS/YAP/TAZ cascade Lodge EJ et al Elife 2019;8: Application: ICC-IF
	The Transcriptional Coactivator TAZ Is a Potent Mediator of Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma Tumorigenesis Deel MD et al Clin Cancer Res 2018;24(11):2616-2630 Application: IHC
	Endothelin Promotes Colorectal Tumorigenesis by Activating YAP/TAZ Wang Z et al Cancer Res 2017;77(9):2413-2423 Application: ICC-IF, WB
	Prevalence of the Hippo Effectors YAP1/TAZ in Tumors of Soft Tissue and Bone Isfort I et al Sci Rep 2019;9(1):19704 Application: IHC
	Hippo signaling promotes lung epithelial lineage commitment by curbing Fgf10 and β-catenin signaling Volckaert T et al Development 2019;146(2): Application: IHC
ANTIGEN INFORMATION
Antigen	Recombinant protein fragment	Recombinant protein	Recombinant protein
Length (aa)	140
Antigen sequence	`MNPKPSSWRKKILPESFFKEPDSGSHSRQSSTDSSGGHPGPRLAGGAQHV RSHSSPASLQLGTGAGAAGSPAQQHAHLRQQSYDVTDELPLPPGWEMTFT ATGQRYFLNHIEKITTWQDPRKAMNQPLNHMNLHPAVSST`
Matching transcripts	WWTR1-201 - ENSP00000353847 [100%] WWTR1-203 - ENSP00000419465 [100%] WWTR1-204 - ENSP00000419234 [100%] WWTR1-209 - ENSP00000418580 [100%]
Matching mouse transcripts	ENSMUSP00000029380 [96%] ENSMUSP00000113040 [96%] ENSMUSP00000067932 [25%]
ANTIGEN VIEWⁱ The Structure section provides in-house generated structures, predicted using the Alphafold source code, for the majority of the proteins and their related isoforms. Displaying protein features on the AlphaFold structures Individual splice variants can be selected in the top part of the Protein Browser (see below) and different transcript-related features such as transmembrane regions, InterPro domains and antigen sequences for antibodies can be displayed in the structure by clicking on the respective features in the Protein Browser. Clinical and population-based amino acid variants based on data from the Ensembl variation database and AlphaMissense (AM) predictions can be highlighted using the sliders to the right of the structure. These can also be used to colour the entire structure by residue index or make the structure autorotate.The structures are displayed using the NGL Viewer and can also be zoomed-in and rotated manually. The Protein Browser The ProteinBrowser displays the antigen location on the target protein(s) and the features of the target protein. Transcript names and schematic transcript structures including exons, introns and UTRs for the different isoforms are shown on top, and can be used to switch between the structures for the different splice variants. At the top of the view, the position of the antigen (identified by the corresponding HPA identifier) is shown as a green bar. A yellow triangle on the bar indicates a <100% sequence identity to the protein target. Below the antigens, the maximum percent sequence identity of the protein to all other proteins from other human genes is displayed, using a sliding window of 10 aa residues (HsID 10) or 50 aa residues (HsID 50). The region with the lowest possible identity is always selected for antigen design, with a maximum identity of 60% allowed for designing a single-target antigen (read more). The curve in blue displays the predicted antigenicity i.e. the tendency for different regions of the protein to generate an immune response, with peak regions being predicted to be more antigenic.The curve shows average values based on a sliding window approach using an in-house propensity scale. (read more). Signal peptides (turquoise) and membrane regions (orange) based on predictions using the majority decision methods MDM and MDSEC are also displayed. Low complexity regions are shown in yellow and InterPro regions in green. Common (purple) and unique (grey) regions between different splice variants of the gene are also displayed (read more), and at the bottom of the protein view is the protein scale.

WWTR1-201 WWTR1-203 WWTR1-204 WWTR1-209

Displaying protein features on the AlphaFold structures

The Protein Browser