AGRP protein expression summary - The Human Protein Atlas

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AGRP

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STRUCT & INT

AGRP

AGRP INFORMATION
Proteinⁱ Full gene name according to HGNC.	Agouti related neuropeptide
Gene nameⁱ Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.	AGRP (Agrt, ART, ASIP2)
Protein classⁱ Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).	Disease related genes Human disease related genes Plasma proteins
Protein evidence	Evidence at protein level (all genes)
Number of transcriptsⁱ Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.	1
Protein interactions	Interacting with 1 protein

PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND LOCALIZATION
Tissue profileⁱ A summary of the overall protein expression profile across the analyzed normal tissues based on knowledge-based annotation, presented in the Tissue resource. "Estimation of protein expression could not be performed. View primary data." is shown for genes where available RNA-seq and gene/protein characterization data in combination with immunohistochemistry data has been evaluated as not sufficient to yield a reliable estimation of the protein expression profile.	Cytoplasmic expression in fractions of cells in epididymis and adrenal medulla. Distinct positivity in synapses and projections in hypothalamus.
Subcellular locationⁱ Main subcellular location based on data generated in the subcellular section of the Human Protein Atlas.	Localized to the Vesicles
Brain cellular locationⁱ Manually selected location of the protein positivity, observed by immunofluorescence staining in mouse brain.	Soma, dendrite, axon and synapse in neurons.
Predicted locationⁱ All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions. Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached. Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s). The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.	Secreted
Extracellular locationⁱ All genes with at least one isoform expected to be secreted to the extracellular environment have been annotated and classified either as secreted to blood or as locally secreted, depending on the predicted final location of the corresponding protein. Proteins expected to be locally secreted have been further classified according to their site of expression.	Secreted in brain

TISSUE RNA EXPRESSION
Tissue specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on normalized mRNA expression levels in the consensus dataset, calculated from the RNA expression levels in samples from HPA and GTEX. The categories include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, low tissue specificity and not detected.	Group enriched (Adrenal gland, Brain, Epididymis)
Tissue expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across tissues. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Epididymis - Male reproductive secretion (mainly)
Brain specificityⁱ The regional specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analysed brain samples, grouped into 13 main brain regions and calculated for the three different species. All brain expression profiles are based on data from HPA. The specificity categories include: regionally enriched, group enriched, regionally enhanced, low regional specificity and not detected. The classification rules are the same used for the tissue specificity category	Human brain regional enriched (Hypothalamus)
Brain expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across tissues. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Hypothalamus - Neuropeptide signaling (mainly)

CELL TYPE RNA EXPRESSION
Single cell type specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell types based on scRNA-seq data from normal tissues. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.	Group enriched (Hofbauer cells, Distal tubular cells, Macrophages, Leydig cells, Peritubular cells)
Single cell type expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across single cell types. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Macrophages - Innate immune response (mainly)
Tissue cell type classificationⁱ Genes can have enriched specificity in different cell types in one or several tissues, or be enriched in a core cell type that appears in many different tissues.	Cell type enriched (Lung - Macrophages)
Immune cell specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples based on data from HPA. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.	Low immune cell specificity
Immune cell expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across single cell types. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	Neutrophils - Unknown function (mainly)

CANCER & CELL LINES
Prognostic summary	AGRP is not prognostic
Cancer specificityⁱ Specificity of RNA expression in 17 cancer types is categorized as either cancer enriched, group enriched, cancer enhanced, low cancer specificity and not detected.	Low cancer specificity
Cell line expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across cell lines. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.	RS4;11 - Unknown function (mainly)
Cell line specificityⁱ RNA specificity category based on RNA sequencing data from cancer cell lines in the Human Protein Atlas grouped according to type of cancer. Genes are classified into six different categories (enriched, group enriched, enhanced, low specificity and not detected) according to their RNA expression levels across the panel of cell lines.	Cancer enhanced (Leukemia, Lymphoma)

PROTEINS IN BLOOD
Upregulated in diseaseⁱ A gene is classified as upregulated in a disease if the average concentration of all samples of that disease is significantly higher (adj P-value<0.005 and NPX difference>=1) than the average concentration of samples of all diseases as measured by PEA . For gender specific diseases the analysis includes only samples corresponding to the same gender from the other diseases.	Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, Streptococcal soft tissue infection, Pediatric systemic inflammatory disease, Mycoplasma pneumonia, Dengue fever, Pneumococcal pneumonia, Acute coronary syndrome, E.coli pyelonephritis, Alcohol-related liver disease, Chronic liver disease, Pediatric kidney tumor, Pancreatic cancer, Myositis, Pediatric diffuse astrocytic and oligodendro. tumor, Hepatocellular cancer, Acute myeloid leukemia, Pediatric lymphoma, Influenza, Acute venous thromboembolism, Systemic sclerosis, Malaria, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Pediatric retinoblastoma, Schizophrenia, Rheumatoid arthritis, Viral hepatitis related cirrhosis, Myeloma, MASLD, Multiple sclerosis, Bacterial gastroenteritis, Pediatric CNS tumor, Pediatric bone tumor, Sjögrens syndrome, Pediatric long COVID, Abdominal aortic aneurysm, Bipolar disorder, HIV, Lung cancer, Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Metastatic melanoma
Disease prediction modelⁱ The disease(s) the gene is associated with and able to predict according to glmnet prediction models. To be included the gene has to be upregulated according to differential expression analysis and have more than 50% overall importance as indicated by the prediction models.	Acute coronary syndrome (Healthy), E.coli pyelonephritis (Healthy), Pancreatic cancer (Healthy), Hepatocellular cancer (Healthy), Acute venous thromboembolism (Healthy), Systemic sclerosis (Healthy), Malaria (Healthy), Rheumatoid arthritis (Healthy), Viral hepatitis related cirrhosis (Healthy), Sjögrens syndrome (Healthy), Abdominal aortic aneurysm (Healthy), Bipolar disorder (Healthy), HIV (Healthy), Lung cancer (Healthy), Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (Healthy), Pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (Healthy), Ovarian cancer (Healthy), Meningioma (Healthy), Endometrial cancer (Healthy), Cervical cancer (Healthy), Colorectal cancer (Healthy), MASLD (Healthy,Class), Breast cancer (Healthy), Glioma (Healthy), Small intestine neuroendocrine tumor (Healthy), Breast ductal carcinoma in situ (Healthy), Schizophrenia (Healthy,All other diseases), Multiple sclerosis (Healthy,All other diseases)
Secretome annotationⁱ All genes with at least one predicted secreted isoform have been annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are: secreted into blood locally secreted or actually being attached to membrane or retained in intracellular locations like mitochondria, endoplasmatic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus or lysosomes.	Secreted in brain
Detected in blood by immunoassayⁱ The blood-based immunoassay category applies to actively secreted proteins and is based on plasma or serum protein concentrations established with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, compiled from a literature search. The categories include: detected and not detected, where detection refers to a concentration found in the literature search.	No (not applicable)
Detected in blood by mass spectrometryⁱ Detection or not of the gene in blood, based on spectral count estimations from a publicly available mass spectrometry-based plasma proteomics data set obtained from the PeptideAtlas.	No
Proximity extension assayⁱ Detectibility in blood, based on proximity extension assays (Olink) for a longitudinal wellness study covering 76 individuals with six visits during two years. Read more	Data available (High detectability)

PROTEIN FUNCTION
Protein function (UniProt)ⁱ Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.	Plays a role in weight homeostasis. Involved in the control of feeding behavior through the central melanocortin system. Acts as alpha melanocyte-stimulating hormone antagonist by inhibiting cAMP production mediated by stimulation of melanocortin receptors within the hypothalamus and adrenal gland. Has very low activity with MC5R (By similarity). Is an inverse agonist for MC3R and MC4R being able to suppress their constitutive activity. It promotes MC3R and MC4R endocytosis in an arrestin-dependent manner.... show less
Gene summary (Entrez)ⁱ Useful information about the gene from Entrez	This gene encodes an antagonist of the melanocortin-3 and melanocortin-4 receptor. It appears to regulate hypothalamic control of feeding behavior via melanocortin receptor and/or intracellular calcium regulation, and thus plays a role in weight homeostasis. Mutations in this gene have been associated with late on-set obesity. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2009]... show less

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